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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Toxicity |
-Children eat and drink many things -Adults -May have adverse reactions to prescription drugs -Non-prescription drugs can change effects of prescription drugs -Some people ingest things recreationally -Liver/kidney function impaired |
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What is the impact on the lab? |
-Lab monitoring may be needed when: -Need to identify the toxin STAT -Caregivers need to eliminate or neutralize the toxin ASAP -Caregivers can administer antidote, if available -Patient gets supportive therapy |
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What are screening tests done for Toxicology? |
-Initial testing to screen specimens -High sensitivity, lower specificity -Often immunoassay (POC) or TLC -Also, indirect methods -Anion gap -Osmol gap |
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What are confirmatory tests done for toxicology? |
-Independent of the initial screening test -used to identify and confirm the presence of a specific drug or metabolite -Uses a different methodolgy |
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What are some toxins? |
-Alcohols -Analgesics -Drugs of abuse -Pesticides -Toxic metals |
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Alcohols |
-Not just ethanol -Most labs can test for ethanol -GC/MS for others -Increased osmol gap tells you to test -negative ethanol |
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What samples are used for alcohol testing?
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-Need to collect venipuncture sample WITHOUT using alcohol to clean the arm -If legal, there are chain-of-custody procedures to follow |
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Analgesics |
-Pain medication -Acetaminophen -Can cause liver damage due to excessive liver metabolism -Aspirin -Directly stimulates respiratory center and causes hyperventilation -Also increases anaerobic metabolism - increased fixed acids (potential acid-base status) |
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How is drug of abuse testing done? |
-Wide array -We can detect MOST of them -Urine Screen -To determine validity of sample: -Door open during collection -No personal belongings during collection -Colored toilet water -No sink in restroom -Testing: -pH, specific gravity, creatinine, adulterants |
