Tms Ordination Prep Quiz Kings - Esther

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1 Kings - KEYWORDS:

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United to Divided Kingdoms

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1 Kings - PURPOSE:

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To chronicle the descent of the kingdom of Israel from the height of its glory to its sudden division into two kingdoms—Israel (the northern kingdom) and Judah (the southern kingdom)—and their subsequent decline. Its history covers the years of 970-850 BC. Of particular emphasis is the ministry of the prophets and Israel’s rejection of the Word of God.

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1 Kings - PARALLEL:

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2 Chronicles.

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1 Kings - AUTHOR/DATE:

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1 & 2 Kings were written originally as one book, during the exile by an anonymous prophet between 561-538 BC.

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1 Kings - OUTLINE:

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1. The United Kingdom under Solomon (1-11)
 Solomon's rise (1-2)
 Solomon's wisdom (3-4)
 Solomon's temple (5-8)
 Solomon's promises and warnings from God (9)
 Solomon's culmination (10)
 Solomon's decline and death (11)
2. The Divided Kingdoms under Many Kings (12-22)
 Division of the kingdom (12-14)
 Kings of Judah and Israel (15-16)
 Reign of Ahab (16-22)
 Elijah predicts drought and raises the dead (17)
 Elijah on Mount Carmel (18)
 Naboth’s vineyard taken by Jezebel and Ahab (19)

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1 Kings - KEY PEOPLE:

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Solomon – son of David through Bathsheba; ruled united Israel at its peak of peace and prosperity; came to be considered the wisest ordinary man who ever lived; intermarriage for political purposes led to disobedience, the introduction of idolatry, and judgment.
Jeroboam – rebelled against Rehoboam; became the first king of divided Israel (the northern kingdom).
Rehoboam – son of Solomon; first king of Judah (the southern kingdom); the kingdom split under his leadership.
Elijah – the prophet of God from Tishbe; defeated the prophets of Baal on Carmel.
Ahab – wicked king of Israel and foe of Elijah; married to Jezebel.
Jezebel – evil wife of king Ahab and worshiper of Baal; eventually killed and eaten by dogs as prophesied.

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2 Kings - KEYWORDS:

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Divided Kingdoms to Exile

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2 Kings - PURPOSE:

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To chronicles God’s judgment on the kingdoms of Israel and Judah for their disobedience to His Word. This judgment is vividly displayed by the exile and captivity of these two kingdoms: the northern kingdom (Israel), exiled into Assyrian captivity in 722 BC (chapter 17); the southern kingdom (Judah), exiled into Babylonian captivity in 586 BC (chapter 25). Second Kings covers 850-c.538 B.C. Of particular emphasis is the ministry of the prophets and Israel’s rejection of the Word of God.

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2 Kings - PARALLEL:

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2 Chronicles

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2 Kings - AUTHOR/DATE:

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1 & 2 Kings were written originally as one book, during the exile by an anonymous prophet between 561-538 B.C.

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2 Kings - OUTLINE:

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I. Israel Falls (1-17)
 Elijah taken to heaven (2)
 Ministry and Miracles of Elisha (3-9)
 Death of Elisha (13)
 Israel’s fall and exile to Assyria (16-17)—722 BC
II. Judah Falls (18 - 25)
 Sennacherib invades Judah (18-19)
 Reign of good king Hezekiah (18-20); ministry of Isaiah
 Reign of evil king Manasseh (21)
 Reign and revival of good king Josiah (22-23)
 Judah’s fall and exile to Babylon (24-25) - 586 BC

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2 Kings - KEY DATES:

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722 BC – The fall and exile of Israel (the northern kingdom).
586 BC – The fall and exile of Judah (the southern kingdom).

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2 Kings - KEY PEOPLE:

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Elisha – Elijah’s successor; prophet and miracle worker.
Naaman – Gentile army captain who contracted leprosy; healed by dipping in the Jordan River seven times at Elisha's instructions.
Josiah - 16th king of Judah; became king at 8 years old; returned to obeying the law; Judah’s last righteous king.

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1 Chronicles - KEYWORD:

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David

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1 Chronicles - PURPOSE:

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To provide a priestly perspective on the reign of David to Jews who had returned from exile, reminding them of the Davidic covenant and their spiritual heritage, and to exhort them to covenant faithfulness.

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1 Chronicles - PARALLEL:

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2 Samuel

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1 Chronicles - AUTHOR/DATE:

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According to strong Jewish tradition, Ezra is the author. 1 & 2 Chronicles were composed originally as one book, likely around 450 BC.

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1 Chronicles - OUTLINE:

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1. The Line of David (1-9)
2. The Reign of Saul (10)
3. The Reign of David (11-29)

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1 Chronicles - KEY CHAPTERS:

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1 Chronicles 13 – Uzzah touches the ark and is struck dead
1 Chronicles 17 – The Davidic Covenant

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2 Chronicles - KEYWORDS:

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Kings of Judah

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2 Chronicles - PURPOSE:

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To provide a priestly perspective of the reigns of the kings in David's line, reminding Jews who had returned from exile about God’s faithfulness to the Davidic covenant, despite the nation’s disobedience and resulting judgment. It covers the time from the death of David (971 BC) to the return from Babylon (538 BC).

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2 Chronicles - PARALLEL:

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1 & 2 Kings, but deals exclusively with the southern kingdom, Judah.

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2 Chronicles - OUTLINE:

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1. Reign of Solomon (1-9)
2. Reigns of Judah’s Kings (10-36)

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2 Chronicles - KEY CHAPTERS:

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2 Chronicles 6-7 – Solomon’s dedication of the temple (6-7)
2 Chronicles 36 – Babylonian exile; Cyrus’ decree for Jews to return to Jerusalem

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Ezra - KEYWORDS:

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Rebuilding the Temple and People

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Ezra - PURPOSE:

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To highlight God’s faithfulness as seen in the return of the Jews from exile in Babylon to Jerusalem, the reconstruction of the temple, and the spiritual reform of the people.

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Ezra - PARALLEL:

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The opening words of Ezra 1 parallel the closing words of 2 Chronicles 36.

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Ezra - AUTHOR/DATE:

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Most likely Ezra the priest, who would have written this book around the middle of the 5th century BC, in the decades after the second return from Persia in 458 BC.

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Ezra - OUTLINE:

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1. The First Return and Reconstruction under Zerubbabel (1-6)
2. The Second Return and Reform under Ezra (7-10)

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Ezra - KEY PASSAGES:

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7:10 Ezra’s philosophy of ministry: to study, apply, and teach the Law of God.

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Ezra - KEY PEOPLE:

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Cyrus – The Persian king who allowed the Jews to return and rebuild the temple c. 538 BC.
Ezra – A priest, scribe, great reformer, and expert in the Law. Under his spiritual leadership and ministry of the Word, the Jews undergo moral reformation and put away their foreign wives.
Joshua – The high priest who returned with and aided Zerubbabel in rebuilding the altar and the temple.

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Ezra - KEY DATES:

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538 BC – Cyrus’ decree
536 BC – Return under Zerubbabel
516 BC – Temple reconstruction completed
458 BC – Return and reform under Ezra

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Nehemiah - KEYWORDS:

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Rebuilding the Walls and People

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Nehemiah - PURPOSE:

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To chronicle the rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem as well as the spiritual reforms of the people under the godly leadership of Nehemiah as governor and Ezra as priest, and to show the faithful “good hand of God” in the lives of his people despite opposition.

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Nehemiah - PARALLEL:

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Together with Malachi, the book is the last of the OT canonical writings in terms of historical events and time of writing.

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Nehemiah - AUTHOR/DATE:

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Most likely Ezra the priest, sometime during or after Nehemiah’s second term as governor, no later than 400 BC.

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Nehemiah - OUTLINE:

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1. Nehemiah’s First Term as Governor (1-12)
2. Nehemiah’s Second Term as Governor (13)

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Nehemiah - KEY PASSAGES:

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Nehemiah 8 The reading of the Law and the people’s revival
Nehemiah 9 The renewal of the covenant
Nehemiah 8:8 “And they read from the book, from the law of God, translating to give the sense so that they understood the reading” (v. 8).

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Nehemiah - KEY PEOPLE:

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Artaxerxes – The Persian King who was the son of Xerxes I and Vashti; stepson of Esther. He allowed the Jews to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem under the leadership of Nehemiah.
Nehemiah – Artaxerxes’ cupbearer who became governor of Judea and supervisor of Jerusalem’s reconstruction. He governed in Judea from 445-433 BC, and from 424-410 BC.
Sanballat – An influential Samaritan who sought to end the reconstruction of the walls of Jerusalem and to assassinate Nehemiah.
Ezra – A priest, great reformer, and expert in the Law. Under his spiritual leadership and ministry of the Word, the Jews undergo moral reformation and put away their foreign wives.

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Esther - KEYWORD:

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Preservation

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Esther - PURPOSE:

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To display God’s ongoing, providential preservation of His chosen people, even while in exile, in light of the Serpent’s continuing effort to annihilate the line through Gentile persecution.

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Esther - PARALLEL:

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The events fit between Ezra chapters 6 & 7.

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Esther - AUTHOR/DATE:

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Unknown. Written around the mid-5th century BC, after Ahasuerus’ reign.

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Esther - OUTLINE:

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1. The Threat to the Jews (1-4)
 King Ahasuerus dethrones Queen Vashti (1)
 Esther becomes queen (2)
 Haman persuades King Ahasuerus to decree the Jew's annihilation (3)
2. The Triumph of the Jews (5-10)
 Haman’s plot against Mordecai (5)
 Mordecai is honored (6)
 Haman is hanged (7)
 The Jews destroy their enemies and inaugurate the Feast of Purim (9)
 Mordecai the Jew second to King Ahasuerus (10)

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Esther - KEY PASSAGE:

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4:14 “And who knows whether you have not attained royalty for a time such as this.”

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Esther - KEY PEOPLE:

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Esther – Jewish maiden of great beauty who became the queen of Persia. Her courage paved the way for the preservation of the Jews within the Persian Empire.
Mordecai – Esther’s older cousin and palace official. He was used by God to deliver the Jews from Haman’s plan.
Haman – An Amalekite, captain of the princes, who plotted destruction of the Jews.
Ahasuerus – The Persian king Xerxes I, reigning 486-465 BC, who chose Esther to be his wife.