Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
the first tissues are organized into what 3 primary germ layers
|
ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm
|
|
|
what layer is the ectoderm and what does it turn into
|
outer , the epedermis and nervous system
|
|
|
what layer is the endoderm and what does it turn into
|
inner layer to mucous membranes
|
|
|
what is the mesoderm called in its pre stage and what does it turn into
|
turns into tissue, mesenchyme
|
|
|
mesenchyme
|
muscles, bone and blood
|
|
|
epithelial tissue describe
|
sheet of close cells, on or more thick, with upper surface exposed to the environment
|
|
|
epethilum lies on what layer of tissue?
|
loos connective tissue
|
|
|
epethelia are dependent on the loose connective tissue for what
|
nutrients and waste removal
|
|
|
what is the basement membrane
|
an anchor for the epethiluim and the underlying tissue
|
|
|
what are the 2 classifications of epethilia
|
stratified and simple
|
|
|
in simple epethilium does every cell touch the basement membrane
|
yes
|
|
|
in stratified epethiluim describe
|
multicellular layers where some do not touch the membrane
|
|
|
squamos
|
scaly
|
|
|
simple cubodial
|
one layer, cube shaped
|
|
|
simple columnar
|
one layer, column shaped
|
|
|
stratified epithelium
|
multi layered cells with only the deepest touching the basement membrane
|
|
|
what are the shapes of the deepest layer of the stratified squamos
|
cubodial to columnar
|
|
|
what is the shape of stratified squamos toward the top
|
flat scaly
|
|
|
explain how the stratified squamos epethilium works
|
deepest layers always under go mitosis, daughter cells push up toward the surface and they die and flake off
|
|
|
what is exfoliation or desquamation
|
when the daughter cells push up to the surface, die and flake off to make room for new cells
|
|
|
keretanized epethilium is found where
|
skin surface
|
|
|
what does keretanized epethilium consist of
|
dead squamous cells packed with keratin and coated with glycolipid water repellant
|
|
|
what is nonkeratinized epethilium consist of
|
just lacks the layer of dead cells
|
|
|
where is nonkeratinized epethilium found
|
tongue, esophagus vagina
|
|
|
what does connective tissue mostly consist of
|
fibers and ground substances
|
|
|
what does connective tissue do
|
connect support bind and protect organs
|
|
|
what are tendons
|
bind muscles to bone
|
|
|
what are ligaments
|
bind bones together
|
|
|
how are connective tissue cells immunity helpers
|
they attack foreign invadors
|
|
|
how does a connective tissue transport
|
blood transports gasses nutirents wastes and materials
|
|
|
what are fibroblasts
|
large flat cells that produce the fibers and ground substance of a tissue
|
|
|
what are macrophages
|
large phagocytic cells that destroy bad things
|
|
|
what are collagenous fibers made up of
|
collagen
|
|
|
what are retiular fibers made of
|
thin collagen fibers
|
|
|
what are reticular fibers coated with
|
glucoproteins
|
|
|
what are elastic fibers made up of
|
elastin
|
|
|
what are some of the characteristics of elastic fibers
|
rubber bandy
|
|
|
what do ground substances occupy what space
|
occupy the space between cells and fibers
|
|
|
how many classes of molecules ocuppy the ground substances and what is the consistancy
|
gelatinous consistancy, 3 classes
|
|
|
name the 3 classes of molecules in ground substances
|
glycosaminoglycan, proteoglycans, adhesive glycoproteins
|
|
|
what is glycosaminoglycan ( chain) made up of (sugar and acid?)
|
GAG long polysaccharide made up of amino sugars and uronic acid
|
|
|
what do gags do
|
absorb and hold water
|
|
|
what are proteglycans made up of
|
gigantic molecules with a core of protein and outgrowths of GAGs.
|
|
|
what do proteglycans form
|
colloids and bonds
|
|
|
what are adhesive glycoproteins made of
|
protein carbohydrate complexes that bind plasma membrane proteins to collagen and proteoglycans to cell
|
|
|
what do adhesive glycoproteins do
|
hold the tissues together
|
