Tissues

Front 1

Epithelial Tissue

Back 1

A sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity

Front 2

2 types of Epithelial Tissues

Back 2

Coving & Lining eithelium
Glandular epithelium

Front 3

Role of the Epithelium

Back 3

1. Protection
2. Absorption
3. Filtration
4. Excretion
5. Secretion
6. Sensory reception

Front 4

Apical surface (Epithelium)

Back 4

- Faces body surfrace, lumen, cavity (openings)
- May contain cillia or microvilli

Front 5

Lateral surface (Epithelium)

Back 5

- Face adjacent cells (i.e. junctions)

Front 6

Basal surface (Epithelium)

Back 6

- Adheres to extracellular materials
- Deepest layer of cells
- Basal lamina (selective filter)

Front 7

Specialized contacts (Epithelium)

Back 7

- Bound ttogether tightly to other cells by junctions
- Keeps apical layer separate from basal layer

Front 8

Basement membrane

Back 8

- Basal lamina + reticular lamina
- Reinforces the epthelial sheet

Front 9

Avasular (Epithelium)

Back 9

- No blood vessels
- Nourished by underlying CT
- Innervated by nerve fibers

Front 10

Squamous epithelial (Shape)

Back 10

Flattened, scale-like

Front 11

Cuboidal epithelial (Shape)

Back 11

Boxlike

Front 12

Columnar epithelial (Shape)

Back 12

Tall, column shaped

Front 13

Simple Squamous (Function)

Back 13

Diffusion & Filtration

Front 14

Simple Squamous (Location)

Back 14

Air sacs, blood vessels

Front 15

Endothelium (Simple Squamous)

Back 15

Provide a slick, firction-reducing lining in the lymphatic and cardiovascular systems

Front 16

Mesothelium (Simple Squamous)

Back 16

Found in serous membranes lining the ventral body cavity & coving its organs

Front 17

Simple Cuboidal (Function)

Back 17

Secretion and absorption

Front 18

Simple Cuboidal (Location)

Back 18

- Kidney Tubules
- Ducts and secretory portions of small glands
- Ovary surface

Front 19

Simple Columnar (Function)

Back 19

- Absorption
- Secretion
- Goblet cells

Front 20

Simple Columnar Nonciliated (Location)

Back 20

- Digestive tract
- Gallbladder
- Has microvilli

Front 21

Simple Columnar Cililated (Location)

Back 21

Line:
- Small bronchi
- Uterine tubes
- some parts of the uterus

Front 22

Pseudostratified Columnar

Back 22

Single layer of cells with different heights; some do not reach the free surface

Front 23

Pseudostratified Columnar (Function)

Back 23

- Secretion
- Propulsion of mucus

Front 24

Pseudostratified Columnar (Location)

Back 24

- Male sperm-carrying ducts (nonciliated)
- Trachea (ciliated)

Front 25

Stratified Squamous (Function)

Back 25

- Protection of underlying areas subjected to abrasion

Front 26

Stratified Squamous (Location)

Back 26

- Skin (keratinized cells)
- Linings of the mouth, esophagus, and vagina (nonkeratinized cells)

Front 27

Papanicolaou Smear (Pan smear)

Back 27

- Collection of cells off the uterus and vaginal walls
- Detect cellular changes (precancerous cells)

Front 28

Stratified Cuboidal

Back 28

- Rare, found in some sweat and mammary glands
- Two layers thick

Front 29

Stratified Columnar (Location)

Back 29

- Pharynx
- Male urethra
- Lining some glandular ducts

Front 30

Transitional Epithelium (Function)

Back 30

Stretches urinary organ by contained urine

Front 31

Transitional Epithelium (Location)

Back 31

- Lines the ureters
- Bladder
- part of the urethra

Front 32

Gland

Back 32

One or more cells that make & secrete a product

Front 33

Secretion

Back 33

Aqueous fluid with proteins

Front 34

Endocrine Glands

Back 34

"Ductless gland"
- Secrete hormones, stimulates organs to respond or stimulate pancreases to release enzymes

Front 35

Exocrine Glands

Back 35

- Secrete their products onto body surfaces (skin) or into body cavities
- Such as: Mucous, sweat, oil, salivary glands, liver, pancreases

Front 36

Unicelluar Exocrine Gland

Back 36

Secrete onto surface via exoctyosis

Front 37

Goblet cells

Back 37

- Goblet shaped secretory cell
- Produces mucin

Front 38

Mucin

Back 38

Complex glycoprotein that dissolves in water when secreted forming mucus

Front 39

Mucus

Back 39

Slimy coating that both protects & lubricates surfaces

Front 40

Merocrine Glands (Mode of secretion)

Back 40

- Secrete their products in different ways; mostly via exocytosis
- located in pancreas, sweat, glands, salivary glands

Front 41

Holocrine Glands (Mode of secretion)

Back 41

- Accumulate the product until ruptures
- Ex. Pimples

Front 42

Aporince Glands (Mode of secretion)

Back 42

- Controversy whether in humans
- Accumulate their product beneath the free surface
- Eventually pinching off releasing the product

Front 43

Connective Tissue

Back 43

Most abundant & found everywhere in the body

Front 44

Connective Tissue (Functions)

Back 44

- Binding & Support
- Protection
- Insulation
- Transportation

Front 45

Common characteristics of Connective Tissues

Back 45

- All arise from mesenchyme
- Most rich supply of blood (except cartilage & dense CT)
- Extracellular matrix (nonliving fluid that withstand weight bearing, tension, trauma, or abrasion)

Front 46

CT Cells

Back 46

- Origin from mesechymal cells
- Immature (ends in -blast)
- Mature (ends in -cyte)

Front 47

Fibroblasts

Back 47

- Large, flat cells with branching processes
- Do not become fibrocytes

Front 48

Macrophages

Back 48

- Able to engulf bacteria & cellular debris by phagocytosis

Front 49

Macrophages (Locations)

Back 49

- Fixed in alveolar or speen
or
- Roam tissues & gather at inflammation sites

Front 50

Plasma Cells

Back 50

- Secretes antibodies

Front 51

Mast cells

Back 51

Produce histamine

Front 52

Adipocytes

Back 52

- Fat/adipose cells
- Stores TGs (fat)

Front 53

Neutrophils (white blood cell)

Back 53

At site of infection

Front 54

Eosinosphils (white blood cell)

Back 54

Parasite infection

Front 55

Basophils (white blood cell)

Back 55

Histamine response

Front 56

Connective tissue matrix

Back 56

Supports, binds, provides medium for blood cells, white blood cell, and fibers

Front 57

Hyaluronic Acid CT Matrix (location)

Back 57

- Lubricates joints
- Maintains shape of the eyeballs

Front 58

Chondroitin CT Matrix (location)

Back 58

- Cartilage
- Bone
- Skin
- Blood vessels

Front 59

Dermatan sulfate CT Matrix (location)

Back 59

- Skin
- Tendons
- Blood vessels
- Heart valves

Front 60

Keratan sulfate CT Matrix (location)

Back 60

- Bone
- Cartilage
- Cornea

Front 61

Collagen Fibers

Back 61

- Very strong & resist pulling forces
- Found in bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments

Front 62

Elastic Fibers

Back 62

- Ability to return to original shape (elasticity)
- Strong but very flexible
- Found in skin, blood vessels, and lung tissue

Front 63

Reticular Fibers

Back 63

- Collagen arranged in fine bundles
- Help form basement membranes
- Forms stroma of soft organs

Front 64

Embryonic (Connective Tissue)

Back 64

Gel-like ground substance with fibers and starshaped mesenchymal cells

Front 65

Areolar Tissue (Function)

Back 65

- Support/Binding
- Hold fluid
- Immunity
- Nutrient storage

Front 66

Adipose Tissue (Function)

Back 66

- Provides reserve food fuel
- Insulates heat loss
- Supports & protects organs

Front 67

Adipose Tissue (Location)

Back 67

- Under skin
- Around kidneys
- Within abdomen
- In breasts

Front 68

Reticular Tissue (Function)

Back 68

- Forms soft internal skeleton (stroma)

Front 69

Reticular Tissue (Location)

Back 69

- Lymphoid organs
- Bone marrow
- Spleen

Front 70

Dense Regular Tissue (Function)

Back 70

- Attaches muscles to bone
- Attaches bone to bone
- Withstands great pulling forces

Front 71

Dense regular tissue (Location)

Back 71

- Tendons
- Most ligaments

Front 72

Dense Irregular tissue (Function)

Back 72

- Able to withstand great tension from many directions

Front 73

Dense Irregular tissue (Location)

Back 73

- Dermis of the skin
- Fibrous joint capsule

Front 74

Hyaline Cartilage (function)

Back 74

- Supports
- Reinforces
- Cushions
- Resist compression

Front 75

Chondrocytes

Back 75

- Cells of mature collagen
- Found in lacunaes

Front 76

Hyaline Cartilage (Location)

Back 76

- Embryonic skeleton
- Ends of bones, nose, trachea, and larynx

Front 77

Elastic Cartilage (function)

Back 77

- Maintains shape and structure while allowing flexibility

Front 78

Elastic Cartilage (location)

Back 78

- External ear (pinna)
- Epiglottis

Front 79

Fibrocartilage (function)

Back 79

- Provides tensile strength
- Absorbs compression shock

Front 80

Fibrocartilage (location)

Back 80

- Intervertebal discs
- Pubic symphysis
- Discs of the knee joint

Front 81

Osteocytes

Back 81

- Found in lacunea
- Bone cells

Front 82

Hematopoisis

Back 82

Formation of red blood cells in the bone marrow

Front 83

Nervous Tissue

Back 83

- Not a connective tissue
- Transmits electrical signals from senory receptors to effectors

Front 84

Skeletal Muscle

Back 84

- Multinucleate with striations
- Voluntary movement

Front 85

Cardiac Muscle

Back 85

- Uninucleate with intercalated discs
- Involuntary movement

Front 86

Smooth Muscle

Back 86

- Spindle-cells with no striations
- Involuntary

Front 87

Cutaneous membranes

Back 87

"Skin"

Front 88

Mucous membranes

Back 88

- Lines body cavities that open to the exterior
- Keeps it wet/moist
- Absorption & secretion

Front 89

Serous membranes

Back 89

- Found in closed ventral body cavities

Front 90

Regeneration (Tissue Repair)

Back 90

Replacement of destoryed tissue

Front 91

Fibrosis (Tissue Repair)

Back 91

Formation of scar tissue

Front 92

Inframmation (Tissue Repair)

Back 92

- Process of repair
- Capillaries dialate, more blood flow
- Lymphatics remove excess fluid & dead cells
- Redness, heat, swelling, and pain