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31 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What type of dyes do basophilic structures bind?
Bind basic dyes
(hematoxylin->blue
basophilic structures are negatively charged
E.g.: nucleus (DNA); RER (RNA)
What type of dyes do acidophilic structures bind?
Bind acidic dyes
(eosin->red)
acidophilic structures are positively charged


E.g.: protein
Importance of metachromasia
Polymerization of blue dye molecules (e.g., toluidine blue) bound to densely packed polyanions produces reddish purple color


The wrong color. The color going the other way.
What stain is used for complex carbohydrates
Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS)
Stains glycogen, mucus, and glycoproteins purple
What are the distinctive features of connective tissue?
1. Consist of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM)
2. The ECM contains fibers and ground substance
3. Cells are spaced far apart
4. Blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves are present
5. Nature of ECM varies with the type of connective tissue
What are the 3 forms of connective tissue?
1. Connective tissue proper
Loose – irregular
Dense – regular or irregular
2. Special connective tissues
Adipose tissue
Elastic tissue
Blood
Mucous tissue
3. Supporting connective tissues
Cartilage
Bone
What are the functions of Connective Tissue?
-exchange of metabolites and waste products
-mechanical support
-ion balance
-storage of energy reserves
-repair after injury
-shock absorption
-insulation
-source of heat
-defense against pathogens
What are fibroblasts?
- synthesize extracellular matrix materials:
>precursors for collagen and elastic fibers
>components of ground substance
Why are fibroblasts important?
important in development and wound healing
What is the function of macrophages in lymph nodes after tissue injury?
to engulf free erythrocytes

Functions of macrophages:

-Phagocytosis
-Antigen presentation
-Immune regulation
-They belong to the “reticuloendothelial system”
What type of dyes do basophilic structures bind?
Bind basic dyes
(hematoxylin->blue
basophilic structures are negatively charged
E.g.: nucleus (DNA); RER (RNA)
What type of dyes do acidophilic structures bind?
Bind acidic dyes
(eosin->red)
acidophilic structures are positively charged


E.g.: protein
Importance of metachromasia
Polymerization of blue dye molecules (e.g., toluidine blue) bound to densely packed polyanions produces reddish purple color


The wrong color. The color going the other way.
What stain is used for complex carbohydrates
Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS)
Stains glycogen, mucus, and glycoproteins purple
What are the distinctive features of connective tissue?
1. Consist of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM)
2. The ECM contains fibers and ground substance
3. Cells are spaced far apart
4. Blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves are present
5. Nature of ECM varies with the type of connective tissue
What are the 3 forms of connective tissue?
1. Connective tissue proper
Loose – irregular
Dense – regular or irregular
2. Special connective tissues
Adipose tissue
Elastic tissue
Blood
Mucous tissue
3. Supporting connective tissues
Cartilage
Bone
What are the functions of Connective Tissue?
-exchange of metabolites and waste products
-mechanical support
-ion balance
-storage of energy reserves
-repair after injury
-shock absorption
-insulation
-source of heat
-defense against pathogens
What are fibroblasts?
- synthesize extracellular matrix materials:
>precursors for collagen and elastic fibers
>components of ground substance
Why are fibroblasts important?
important in development and wound healing
What is the function of macrophages in lymph nodes after tissue injury?
to engulf free erythrocytes

Functions of macrophages:

-Phagocytosis
-Antigen presentation
-Immune regulation
-They belong to the “reticuloendothelial system”
What is the function of macrophages?
defense (antigen processing and presentation, secretion of cytokines, phagocytosis)
What is the function of mast cells?
defense (allergic reactions)


1. Cytoplasm is filled with large metachromatic granules
2. Granules contain chemical mediators of the inflammatory response such as histamine, heparine, etc.
3. Release of granules is mediated by surface IgE receptors after repeated exposure to antigens (e.g., anaphylactic shock)
What is the function of plasma cells?
defense (humoral immune response)
What is the function of adipose (fat) cells?`
energy storage, heat production

Two types are brown fat and white or yellow fat
What is the function of brown fat?
Brown fat
Present in human infants
and in hybernating animals
Function: Heat generation
What is the function of white or yellow fat?
White or yellow fat
Functions:
-Energy storage
-Mechanical support
Body shape
-Endocrine-metabolic regulation
What is the function of Type I of collagen?
most common (in internal organs, skin, fascias, tendons, ligaments, bone)
What is the function of Type II of collagen?
in hyalin cartilage
What is the function of Type III of collagen?
reticular fibers
What is the function of Type IV of collagen?
in basement membranes (does not form fibrils)
What is the most abundant protein in the human body?
Collagen is the main fiber type and most abundant protein in human body

Synthesized and secreted as a precursor (tropocollagen) by fibroblasts
Polymerized into mature fibers spontaneously in the extracellular space