Tissue Lab

Front 1

Epithelial Tissue

Back 1

Form linings of organs and structures; Usuallt tightly packed Cells

Front 2

Connective Tissue

Back 2

Connect, protect, storage usually few cells and alot of extracellular material between the cells

Front 3

Muscle Tissue

Back 3

contraction, movement and other work needed by the body

Front 4

Nervous Tissue

Back 4

Conducts impulses for information processing and communication.

Front 5

Name Charachteristics of Epitherial Tissues

Back 5

Have a free surface
are connected to underlying tissues via basment membrane
made of tightly packed cells
avascular( no blood vessels)
specialized cells, depending on function

Front 6

Epitherial tissues are named for their

Back 6

number of layers, and shape of their cells

Front 7

Name charachteristics of simple squamous epithelium

Back 7

single layer of flat cells
produces the thinnest possible layer for diffusion and filtration
Air sacs of the lungs and capillaries

Front 8

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium charachteristics

Back 8

one layer of rounded or cube shaped cells, somwhat round nucleus is easy to spot.

Produces a layer of cells for absorbtion or secretion

Many glands (thyroid) Kidney tubles

Front 9

Charachteristics of simple columnar epithelium

Back 9

single layer of tall cells with an oval nucleus.
Absorbtion, secretion. and sometimes glandular
stomach, intestines, and a few misc ducts.

Front 10

Name charachteristics of Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Back 10

One layer of tall and short cells, which gives the false impression of two layers. Associated with mucous-producing goblet cells. The cilia move mucous and trapped particles. Protection and secretion.

Found lining the trachea and most of the respiratory tract.

Mucous Cells exist individually in many epithelial tissues, such as the goblet cells in PSCE

Front 11

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Back 11

Many layers of flat cells (although, the mitotic cells near the basement membrane may appear more rounded). Protection from friction and a good barrier. May be filled with the protein keratin (e.g. skin) for added protection and water-proofing. Or nonkeratinized for a smoother protective layer (e.g. mouth, esophagus, vagina).

Front 12

Connective Tissue

Back 12

Connect, protect, store, and other miscellaneous functions. In many ways, the opposite of epithelial tissues -comparatively few cells and a great deal of non-living material secreted by the cells.

Most have fibers and glue-like material called the matrix (non-living material). The glue-like material is called the ground substance and varies in thickness and hardness. The fibers are:

1. Collagen (strongest, thickest, white)

2. Reticular (also derived from collagen, but intermediate in strength and thickness; tend to form nets)

3. Elastic (wavy and flexible)

Front 13

Connective Tissue Cells

Back 13

fibroblasts,
mast cells,
macrophages, and white blood cells,
Mesenchymal cells

Front 14

The suffix “cyte” usually refers to??

Back 14

refers to the less active, mature form of that cell, which may play more of a maintenence role (e.g. osteocyte).

Front 15

Connective Tissue Fibers are?

Back 15

Collagen,
Reticular,
Elastic

Front 16

Areolar Connective Tissue

Back 16

Irregular arrangement of fibers with a more fluid matrix. Fibroblasts and other cells sprinkled in between. Flexible attachment and packing material. Below skin; in many membranes; around various organs.

Front 17

Reticular Connective Tissue

Back 17

Loose matrix in which reticular fibers dominate. Creates network for other cells to reside. Lymphatic tissues such as found in the lymph nodes and spleen are good examples.

Front 18

Adipose Tissue

Back 18

Loose matrix with closely packed, large, rounded/irregular cells that look empty, but are filled with a large fat vacuole. Much more than energy storage - also cushions and insulates. Below skin, around various organs such as the heart and kidneys.

Front 19

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Back 19

Densely packed collagen fibers running mostly in the same direction; fibroblasts wedged in-between fibers. Strength of attachment, especially when stress will be along a predictable line. Found in ligaments, tendons, and sheets of connective tissue (e.g. fasciae and aponeuroses).

Front 20

Cartilage

Back 20

All forms of cartilage have this in common:

1. Collagen fibers “glued” and packed so densely that matrix appears mostly smooth.

2. Chondrocytes live in little cavities called lacunae.

3. Very strong yet somewhat flexible attachment and protective covering.

Front 21

Hyaline Cartilage

Back 21

Collagen fibers “glued” and packed so densely that matrix appears smooth; chondrocytes in little holes called lacunae. Very strong yet somewhat flexible attachment and protective covering. Connection of ribs to sternum (costal cartilage), covering of bones at movable joints.

Front 22

Fibrocartilage

Back 22

Densely packed collagen fibers with some irregular bundles of fibers such that the matrix appears less smooth than hyaline cartilage. Strong yet slightly more resilient than hyaline cartilage, which allows some compression and stretching. Intervertebral discs are the primary site of fibrocartilage use by the human body.

Front 23

Elastic Cartilage

Back 23

Collagen fibers “glued” and packed so densely that matrix appears smooth; chondrocytes in little holes called lacunae. Strong yet amazingly flexible. The external ear (pinna) and epiglottis.

Front 24

Miscellaneous Connective Tissues

Back 24

Bone - a step above hyaline cartilage in strength with calcium and other substances making for a harder (but less flexible) matrix.

Blood - a connective tissue with a fluid matrix. Chemically connects nearly all parts of the body.

Front 25

Membranes:

Back 25

Sheets of epithelium with a layer of (usually loose) CT underneath.

Cutaneous membrane (skin) - large, dry membrane with keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Serous membrane - produces thin serous fluid on surfaces of closed body cavities and organs.

Mucous membrane - moist membrane lining surfaces that open to the exterior with lamina propria of loose CT (e.g. inside lining of lungs and digestive organs).

Front 26

Muscle Tissue

Back 26

1. Produces movement via contractile proteins (actin and myosin).

2. Conductive.

3. Most cells are long and thread-like (also called muscle fibers).

4. Usually highly vascularized.

Skeletal Muscle Tissue, Cardiac Muscle Tissue & Smooth Muscle Tissue.

Front 27

Nervous Tissue

Back 27

Neuroglia (or glial cells) – the non-conductive support cells. Neurons -the conductive cells.

Front 28

Name the four basic tissue catagories

Back 28

Epithelial Tissues, Connective Tissue, Muscle, Nervous

Front 29

Name five Epithelial Tissues

Back 29

Simple Squamous Epithelium,
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium,
Simple Columnar Epithelium,
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium,
Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Front 30

Name 10 Connective tissues

Back 30

Areolar Connective Tissue,
Reticular Connective Tissue,
Adipose Tissue
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Cartilage
Hyaline Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Membranes

Front 31

Name 3 types of membrane

Back 31

Cutaneous membrane (skin)
Serous membrane
Mucous membrane

Front 32

Nervous Tissue is also called??

Back 32

Neuroglia

Front 33

Name 2 Miscellaneous Connective Tissues

Back 33

Bone and Blood

Front 34

Name 3 Caretlages

Back 34

Hyaline Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage

Front 35

What do all forms of cartlige have in common??

Back 35

1. Collagen fibers “glued” and packed so densely that matrix appears mostly smooth.

2. Chondrocytes live in little cavities called lacunae.

3. Very strong yet somewhat flexible attachment and protective covering.

Front 36

Epithelial Tissues charachteristics

Back 36

Epithelial tissues form the linings of the body and its organs (inner and/or outer). They are made of tightly packed, specialized cells with no blood vessels.

1. Have a “free surface”

2. Are connected to underlying tissues via the basement membrane

3. Made of tightly packed cells

4. Avascular (no blood vessels)

5. Specialized cells depending upon function

Epithelial tissues are named for their number of layers... and for the shape of their cells

Front 37

Connective Tissues charachteristics

Back 37

Connect, protect, store, and other miscellaneous functions. In many ways, the opposite of epithelial tissues -comparatively few cells and a great deal of non-living material secreted by the cells.

Most have fibers and glue-like material called the matrix (non-living material). The glue-like material is called the ground substance and varies in thickness and hardness. The fibers are:

1. Collagen (strongest, thickest, white)

2. Reticular (also derived from collagen, but intermediate in strength and thickness; tend to form nets)

3. Elastic (wavy and flexible)

Front 38

Connective Tissue Cells charachteristics

Back 38

1. Fibroblasts: Matrix-producing cells specializing in making protein fibers. The suffix blast is commonly used to describe a tissue-building type of cell.* These cells tend to specialize depending upon the type of connective tissue in which they are found (e.g. osteoblasts).

2. Mast cells: release chemicals involved in the inflammatory response such as histamine.

3. Macrophages and white blood cells: involved in defense.

4. Mesenchymal cells: Embryonic CT cells.

* The suffix “cyte” usually refers to the less active, mature form of that cell, which may play more of a maintenence role (e.g. osteocyte).