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150 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tissue |
group of cells working together to perform common function |
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Four Types of Tissue |
Epithelial Nervous Connective Muscle
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Where do we find Epithelial Tissue? |
Lines inner and outer body surfaces Glands |
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What are the 5 functions of Epithelial tissue? |
Filtration Absorption Sensation secretion Protection
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What are the characteristics of Epithelial tissues? |
Cells are tightly together Avascular One apical surface Basal (Basement) surface High regeneration capacity
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How do we classify Epithelial tissue? |
Number of layers Shape
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One layer of Epithelial tissue |
Simple
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More than one layer of Epithelial |
Stratified |
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Appears to be more than one layer of Epithelial cells but only one layer |
Pseudostratified |
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Squamous |
Flattened |
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Cuboidal |
Cubed shaped, Same width and height, nucleus in center; round nucleus |
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Columnar |
Tall column shaped cells, more cytoplasm above nucleus than below (often oval shaped nucleus) |
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Simple Squamous |
One layer of flat cells
Diffusion and secretion
Lines body cavity (mesothelium) Forms walls of aveoli in lungs Capillaries (endothelium)
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Where would you find simple squamous? |
capillaries (endothelium) Forms walls of aveoli in lungs lines body cavities (mesothelium)
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What is the function of simple squamous? |
secretion and diffusion |
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Simple Cuboidal |
One layer, cubed shape cells
Secretion and absorption
Ducts of glands Kidney tubes covering the ovaries
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What is the function of simple cuboidal? |
Secretion and absorption |
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Where would you find Simple cuboidal? |
Kidney tubes duct of glands covering ovaries
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Simple Columnar |
One layer, column shaped, often goblet cells
Absorption and secretion
Lines digestive tract, gallbladder, uterine tubes
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Where would you find simple Columnar? |
Digestive tract Uterine tubes Gallbladder
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What is the function of simple columnar? |
Absorption and secretion
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Stratified Squamous |
Many layers of flat cells
protect underlying skin or tissue from abrasion
skin, mouth, esophagus, rectum, vagina |
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Where would you find stratified squamous? |
Mouth esophagus rectum vagina skin |
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What is the function of stratified squamous? |
protect underlying skin or tissue from abrasion |
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Stratified Cuboidal |
Many layers, cubed shape, round nucleus
secretion
lines sweat glands |
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Where would you find stratified cuboidal? |
Lining of sweat glands |
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What is the function of Stratified cuboidal? |
Secretion
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Stratified Columnar |
Apical cells are columnar, cells underneath vary
Secretion
Large duct of glands (salivary gland) |
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Where would you find Stratified Columnar? |
Large duct of glands (salivary glands) |
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What is the function of Stratified Columnar? |
secretion |
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Pseudostratified |
Single layer, but appears to be more, jumbled nucleus ; May contain goblet cells
secretion, propel substances (mucus) across cell surface
upper respiratory tract, male urethra
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Where would you find Pseudostratified? |
upper respiratory male urethra
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What is the function of pseudostratified? |
to move substances (mucus) across surface |
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Transitional |
Numerous layers, basal cell appears cuboidal, apical cells are dome or balloon shape
Stretches to permit distension of urinary organs
Lines ureter, bladder, renal pelvis
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Gland |
one or more cells that produce secretions |
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What are the two types of glands? |
Endocrine
Exocrine |
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Endocrine Gland |
expels secretion (hormones) directly into surrounding tissue , diffuses into bloodstream; ductless |
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Examples of Endocrine Glands |
Thyroid Pituitary Adrenal |
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Exocrine Gland |
expels secretions onto a surface through a duct |
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Types of exocrine Glands |
Unicellular multicellular |
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Describe a unicellular Exocrine Gland |
one cell scattered within epithelium
ie: Goblet cell |
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Describe a multicellular Exocrine Gland |
Has a glandular portion and duct, forms by invagination of epithelium
ie: sweat and oil |
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How do we classify Exocrine Glands? |
Branching of ducts Shape of secretory portion Mode of secretion |
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Types of Ducts |
Compound Simple |
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Compound duct |
Branching |
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Simple duct |
single unbranched duct |
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Shapes of secretory portion |
Acinar/ Alveolar tubular tubuloavealar |
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Acinar/ Alveolar |
grape shaped, pockets or sacs
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Tubular |
Tube shaped |
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Tubuloalveolar |
Secretory portion with both tubular and acinar shapes |
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Modes of Secretion |
merocrine apocrine holocrine |
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Merocrine |
Secrete product by exocytosis
ie: Sweat, salivary, pancreas |
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Apocrine |
pinching off of cytoplasm containing
ie: Mammary Gland |
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Holocrine |
Rupture of cell to release secretion
ie: sebaceous (oil gland)
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Where do you find Connective Tissue? |
Everywhere |
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What are the 5 functions of Connective Tissue? |
Binds body tissues together Provides structure and support Protection Insulation Transportaion |
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Mesothelium |
Simple squamous lining body cavities |
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Endothelium |
Simple squamous lining capillaries |
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Characteristics of Connective Tissue |
Arise form Mesenchyme Vascularity varies Contains extra cellular matrix Contains Special cells
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Extracellular matrix |
Ground substances Fibers
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Ground substances
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Interstitial fluids and proteins various in viscosity ( liquid, gel, solid)
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Fibers in Extracellular matrix |
Collagen Elastic Reticular
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Characteristics of collagen fibers |
High tensile strength, resist stretch Pink Wavy
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Characteristics of Elastic Fibers |
ability to stretch and recoil Thin branched
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Characteristics of Reticular Fibers |
Branching network Supports organs Twigs, usually black
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Mesenchyme |
Embryo Connective Tissue Star shape Very fine protein filaments between cells Gives rises to all other CT
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Areolar Tissue
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AKA Loose CT
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What is the extra cellular matrix like in Areola tissue? |
Gel like
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What fibers are in Areolar tissue? |
Elastic Collagen Reticular
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Function of Areolar Tissue |
Cushion binds organs holds body fluids defends against infection
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Specialized cells in Areolar Tissue |
Fibroblast Masts WBC Macrophages Defends against infection
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Where do you find Areolar tissue? |
everywhere, under epithelium Around organs and blood vessels
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Adipose Tissue |
Fat tissue
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Function of Adipose cells |
Insulation Energy stores Cushioning |
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What is the matrix of adipose tissue? |
Aveolar tissue |
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What are the specialized cells of Adipose tissue? |
adipocytes |
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How can you identify fat tissue? |
Light and airy cells with nuclei squished to top |
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Where do we find adipose tissue? |
under skin around kidneys, abdomen breasts |
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Reticular CT Description |
CT with reticular fibers that provide support for free blood cells, |
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Reticular CT functions |
form soft supportive skeleton for organs and supports Free blood cells |
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Location of Reticular CT |
found in organs with numerous blood cells, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver |
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What is Dense Regular? |
CT that resists unidirectional stress |
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Where do we find Dense regular?
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Tendon
Ligaments |
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Tendon |
Attach muscle to bone |
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Ligament |
Attach bone to bone |
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Matrix of Dense irregular
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parallel bundles of collagen fibers
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What are the specialized cells of Dense regular? |
Fibroblast |
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Fibroblast |
Makes collagen |
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How do you recognize dense regular? |
Lots of Collagen bundles going same direction
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Dense irregular |
CT resists multidirectional stress |
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What is the matrix of dense irregular? |
Randomly arranged bundles of collagen |
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What are the specialized cells of dense irregular? |
fibroblasts |
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Where do you find Dense irregular? |
Dermis of skin Joint capsules
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How can you recognize Dense irregular tissue? |
Randomly arranged bundles of collagen
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What are the types of cartilage? |
Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage
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Hyaline cartilage
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Collagen fibers in a rubbery matrix Chondrocytes appears glassy and uniform
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Function of Hyaline Cartilage
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provide structure yet flexible |
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Where do you find hyaline cartilage? |
Nose, ends of bones, coastal cartilage, tracheal rings
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Elastic cartilage
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Elastic fibers in Rubbery Matrix Chondrocytes
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Function of Elastic Cartilage
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Very flexible able to tolerate repeated bending and maintain shape |
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Location of Elastic Cartilage |
External ear and epiglottis
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Fibrocartilage |
Cartilage packed with collagen fibers chondrocytes
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Function of Fibrocartilage
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Withstand heavy pressure and highly compressible |
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Location of fibrocartilage
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intervertebral disc Pubic symphysis Menisci
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Bone |
Matrix composed of hard calcium salts with collagen fibers Osteocytes
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Specialized cells of bones |
Osteocytes |
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Where do you find Bone CT |
Bones |
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Function of Bone CT |
Structure for body and protection of organs
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Blood |
Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets surrounded by plasma |
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Where do you find Blood? |
Cardiovascular system |
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Muscle Tissue |
produces movement |
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Types of Muscle Tissue |
Cardiac Smooth Skeletal
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Describe Skeletal Tissue |
Long parallel, cylindrical cells Multiple nuclei Striations |
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Function of Skeletal Tissue |
Movement of bones and facial expressions involuntary
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Location of Skeletal tissue |
attach to bones |
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Describe smooth Muscle Tissue |
Fusiform shaped cells that interdigitate no visible striations single central nucei
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Functions of smooth muscle |
Movement of substances through organs involuntarily
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Location of smooth muscle |
surrounds hollow organs |
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Describe Cardiac muscle |
Branching striated cells central round nuclei Intercalated disks
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Function of Cardiac Muscle |
pump blood, involuntary |
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Location of Cardiac Muscle |
Heart |
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Nervous Tissue |
Consists of neurons and nuero glial cells |
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Function of Nervous tissue |
transmit impulses throughout the body |
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Location of nervous tissue |
Brain Spinal cord nerves
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Simple squamous |
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Simple squamous |
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Simple cuboidal |
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Simple Cuboidal |
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Simple columnar |
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Simple columnar |
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Pseudostratified |
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Ciliated Pseudostratified |
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Transitional |
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Transitional |
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Stratified Squamous |
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Stratified squamous |
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Stratified squamous |
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Keratanized Stratified squamous |
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Keratanized Stratified squamous |
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Skeletal Muscle |
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Smooth muscle |
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Cardiac Muscle |
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Hyaline cartilage |
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Chondrocytes Hyaline Cartilage |
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Elastic cartilage |
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Elastic cartilage
Chondrocytes
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Fibrocartilage
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Fibrocartilage |
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Reticular CT |
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Dense Irregular |
