Til Kap 9 - Cognitive Development In Early Childhood (2-6 År)

Front 1

Hvornår bliver "dual representation" muligt ?
(forståelsen for at ting - eks. tegning kan repræsentere ting i den virkelige verden)

Back 1

Bliver godt og avanceret igennem det 3 år.

Front 2

Hvad er guided participation?

Back 2

- recognizes situanational and cultural variations in adult support of children's efforts.

Front 3

How do attention change during early childhood?

Back 3

Vedvarende opmærksomhed bliver specielt bedre
-- 2 1/2 og 3 år bliver det meget bedre - specielt pga. forøget aktivitet i prefrontal cortex
--- yderligere bidrager: scaffolding, generation of goals, high-quality preschool education.
Planning bliver også bedre via opgaver med steps.

Front 4

Children's literacy and mathematical knowledge during early childhood

Back 4

Young children's emergent literacy reveals that they understand a great deal about writtten langauge before they read and write in conventional ways. Preschoolers gradually revise incorrect ideas about the meaning of written symbols as their perceptual and cognitive capacities improve, as they encounter writing in many contexts, and as adults help them make sense of written information.

Front 5

Hvad gælder det i forhold til literacy development?

Back 5

Literacy development builds on a foundation of spoken language and knowledge about the world. Phonological awareness
strongly predicts emergent literacy and later reading and spelling achievement. Adult-child narrative conversations and informal literacy experiences, such as interactive storybook reading, foster literacy development.

Front 6

Hvad kan "Project Head Start" give af resultater ?

Back 6

Høj kavlitet intervention kan give medium IQ for LOW SES. > achievement gains and long term improvements in school adjustment, educational attainment, and life success.
- Jo mere forældrene er involveret i "Head Start" jo mere for børnene som regel ud af det.

Front 7

Hvilken hvilken skill lærer børn så hurtigt sprog og grammatik og kommunikations skills?

Back 7

- Fast mapping: en teori > børn har indfødt evne til at forstå om sammensætte sprog og grammatik så det passer > anvender her (eclusivity bias og syntactic bootstrapping.)

Front 8

Hvordan læres pragmatics?

Back 8

Refers to the practical, social side of language.
In face-to-face communication with peers, young preschoolers are already skilled conversatioalists. By age 4, they adapt their language to social expectations.