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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Phentyoin drug class
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Brand name-Dilantin
Class-Antidysrhymic, and Anticonvulsant |
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Drugs and there dose for seizure activities
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Diazepam (Versed)-5-10mg IV
Phenytoin (Dilantin)-150-250mg not to exceed 50mg/min IV dilute in NS Lorazepam (Ativan)-0.2-5.0mg may be increase to 1.0-4.0mg IV Phenobarbital (Luminal)-100-250mg slow IVP |
Appendix C
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Epinephrine and its effects in anaphylasxis
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Stimulates Alpha and Beta receptors. more profound effects on Beta receptors. Causing increase HR, cardiac contractile force, systemic vascular resistance, increase BP, bronchodilation. Also used to tx bronchoconstriction associated with anaphylaxis.
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228
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Where biotransformation takes place
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Biotransformation is the way the body detoxifies itself and disposes of foreign matter. We either use the drug up or make it more water soluble so it can be eliminated. Most biotransformation takes place in the liver.
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IHM 9
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Commons type of Calcium Channel Blockers
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Adalat
Cardizem Isoptin |
496
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Components of capsules
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Capsules consist of gelatin containers into which a powder is placed. The gelatin dissolves, liberating the powder (for example, Dalmane capsules) into the gastrointestinal tract.
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21
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Definition of affinity
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The force of attraction between a drug and a receptor.
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34
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Glucagon responsibilities in the body
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Increase blood sugar. Natural hormone produdced by the alpha cells of the islet Langerhans in the pancreas.
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IHM 66
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Types of opiod analgesics
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Ancasal, Atasol, Codeine, Darvon, Demerol, Dilaudid, Empracet, Exdol, Morphine, Numorphan, Oxycocet, Oxycodan, Percocet, Percodan, Tawin, Tylenol with Codeine (number 1,2,3, and 4).
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193
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Types of anticoagulants
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Coumadin, Hepalen, Heparin, Minihep, Sintrom, and Warfilone.
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494
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Sources of insulin
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-Beef insulin:from the bovine pancreas
-Pork insulin:from the pocine pancreas -Human insulin:from the recombinant DNA of humans -Human insulin:from the enzymatic conversion of pork insulin through which the pork insulin molecule becomes identical to the insulin produced by the human pancreas |
IHM 65
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Maintenance dose vs. the loading dose
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Loading dose is an initial large dose.
Maintenance doses would be given daily to replace the amount of drug eliminated since the last dose. |
33
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Pharmacology
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The study of drugs and their interaction with the body.
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25
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Pharmacokinetics
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Deals with absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and elimination.
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25
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Agonist
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A drug or other substance that binds with a specific drug receptor and causes a physiological effect.
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42
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Thiamine use in EMS
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Use to part of a "coma cocktail."
Now is used primarily in rural setting with long transport times in malnourished pts and tx of Wernicke's encephalopathy. It is an acute and reversible condition characterized by an unsteady gate, eye muscle weakness and mental derangement. |
IHM 67
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Tinctures
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Drug preparations whereby the drug was extracted chemically with alcohol. They usually contain some dilute alcohol (for example, tincture of iodine).
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19
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Types of Crystalloids fluids
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Contain only water and electrolytes.
-Isotonic similar composition to that of blood and plasma. -Hypertonic higher solute concentration than blood plasma. -Hypotonic less solute concentration than blood plasma. -Hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solutions an attempt for fluid that carries oxygen. Includes LR NS D5W |
IHM 32-33
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Drug schdules
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-Schedule I
High Abuse potential No currently accepted medical use -Schedule II High abuse potential Accepted medical use -Schedule III Less abuse than above -May lead to low physical dependence or high psychologic dependence Schedule IV Lower abuse potential May lead to limited physical or psychological dependence Schedule V Low abuse potential May lead to limited physical or psychologic dependence |
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Atropine regimen in organophosphate poisoning
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1mg should be given initially to determine whether or not the pt is tolerant to atropine. If the pt responds to the diagnostic dose, then most likely he or she is not severely poisoned or is not tolerant to atropine. In pt with no improvement a second dose of 2-5mg may be indicated for an adult (ped 0.05mg/kg). Doses exceeding 100mg are somtimes required to tx severe organophosphate poisoning.
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343
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Drug action of promethazine
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-Brand name Phenergan
-Action: Possesses sedative, antihistamine, antiemetic, and anticholinergic properties. It competitively blocks histamine receptors. Potentiate effects of analgesics. |
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Characteristics of diphenhydramine and its dosage
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-Brand name:Benadryl
Blocks histamine receptors Has sedative effects Adult Dose is 25-50mg slow IVP Ped Dose 2-5mg/kg slow IVP |
425
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Tx of seizures in pregnancy
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Magnesium Sulfate 2 to 4 g slow IVP over 25mins
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305
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Components of the Pasadena Cyanide Antidote Kit
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It contains amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulfate.
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397
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Types of neuroleptics
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A broad class of agents include the antipsychotics and some tranquilizers. The two most commonly encoutered neuroleptic class are the butyrophenones (such as haloperidol and droperidol) and the phenothiazines (such as chlorpromazine).
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317
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Albuterol dose in adults
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2.5mg
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Zofran dose in adults
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4mg IV undiluted
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IHM 92
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Differences in medication effects in the geriatric pt
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The rate of metabolism and excretion can be significantly decreased. Many factors combine to increase the relative potency of a drug. Many dosages must be reduced.
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Fentanyl and its use in pre-hospital care
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Use for severe pain, RSI, sedation, and mantenance of analgesia.
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430
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Blood types and universal donor
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Type A has B antibodies
Type B has A antibodies Type AB has no antibodies Type O has A and B antibodies Type O is a universal donor Rh Factor is either positive or negative ~85 to 95% of Americans are positive. |
IHM 31
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Characteristics of SSRIs
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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the newest generation of antidepressant agents and are currently prescribed more frequently than more traditional antidepressants such as tricyclics. Improved safety profile, particularly in the setting of overdose. Includes fluoxetine (Prozac), trazadone, sertralin, and paroxetine.
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346
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FDA pregnancy categories
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A-Adequate studies show no risk to fetus in 1st or last trimester.
B-Animals have not had risk to fetus, but there or no studies on humans,OR Human studies have shown no risk to fetus while animal studies have had adverse effects. C-Animal studies have shown risk or no adequate studies have been perform. D-Fetal risk has been determined. Weight benefits. E-Fetal risk avoid using in pt. |
IHM 15
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definition of tolerance
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When pt is receiving drug on a long term basis, they may require larger dosages of the drug to achieve a therapeutic effect.
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22
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When and where induction agents are used
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When it is not good for the conscious pt to know what is going on ie RSI, cardioversion.
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252
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Characteristics of nebules and which drugs they contain
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Used for medications that are premixed. Includes salbutamol (Ventolin), ipratropium bromide (Atrovent), and Albuterol.
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definition of bioavailability
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The degree to which a drug becomes absorbed and reaches general circulation The measure of the amount of a drug that is still active after it reaches its target tissue.
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16 & 29
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Toxidromes
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A set of clinical signs that are considered diagnostic of certain toxins or classes of toxins
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313
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