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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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why use AI?
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control of animal dz (eliminates coitus, can test sires for transmittable dz, can add antibiotics to semen, ie: bovine-vibriosis/trichomoniasis, equine-contagious equine metritis, canine-brucellosis, ovine/caprine-vibriosis/brucellosis), increased use of oustanding sire (rapid proofs may be obtained, a large number of sires are available to owners of females), incompatabilities are overcome, eliminates danger/undesirability of maintaining a male on premises, management may improve (females must be ID'd, heat detection is a must)
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disadvantages of AI?
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selection of males must be strictly adhered to, easier for inbreeding to occur, dz may still be spread if untested males are used, trained personnel are a must (inseminators, heat detectors), proper facilities must be available
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how is semen collected for artificial insemination?
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artificial vagina (bull, stallion, dog, ram & buck, tom cat), warmed thermos (boar)
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how is semen preserved?
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all must be extended, room temperature, cooled (stallion, dog, boar), frozen (almost all species)
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what are the dilution rates of semen?
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extenders/diluents vary depending upon species and method (1 part semen to ? extender: bovine-105, ovine-4 to 9, swine-4, equine varies but want 100,000,000 to 500,000,000 normal motile sperm/breeding dose)
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what are the storage containers for frozen semen?
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straws, ampules, pellets, microencapsulation
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what is the timing of AI?
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cows (estrus length is 12-18 hours, optimum insemination time is 12-18h after the beginning of estrus with am/pm rule), ewe (estrus length is 30h, inseminate about 15h after the onset of estrus), sow (estrus length is 48h, inseminate 30h after the beginning of estrus), mare (estrus length is 7d, optimum insemination time 48h prior to the end of estrus-most breed every other day after the beginning of estrus), queen (estrus length is 2-3 weeks if not mated, induced ovulators, inseminate when showing behavioral estrus), bitch (estrus length is 7-9d, inseminate 2-3d after first estral smear), doe (estrus length is 18-36h, inseminate 12-24h after the onset of estrus-double breeding 12h apart may improve conception rates)
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what techniques are used most often to deposit semen?
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cow-rectovaginal, ewe/doe-vaginally via a speculum, sow-vaginally via a bent catheter, mare-vaginocervical, bitch/queen-vaginally
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where is the site of semen deposition?
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cow/mare-intrauterine, ewe/sow-intracervical, queen/bitch-anterior vagina, doe-deep cervical
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