Therio Equine Repro

Front 1

How long does the mare cycle generally last?

Back 1

18-21 days

Front 2

in the mare cycle ______generally remains constant at 14-15 days and _____ varies in length.

Back 2

Diestrus
estrus

Front 3

the duration of ____ gets shorter in June/July

Back 3

estrus

Front 4

Which of the following statements is TRUE of the equine cycle?
a) LH begins to fall after ovulation
b) ovulation occurs 4 days before the end of estrus
c) mares only have 1 follicular wave during cycles
d) failure of PGF may cause shortened diestrus

Back 4

C

Front 5

in the mare PGF2 reach the ovaries by a _____route

Back 5

systemic

Front 6

decreased day length is generally associated with _____melatonin, which _______ to GnRH

Back 6

increasing melatonin
inhibits GnRH

Front 7

on examination the vulva should be no more than ____ off the vertical

Back 7

10 degree

Front 8

True/False
during estrus the cervix is relaxed and the external os is visible & suspending above the floor of the vagina

Back 8

False
external os droops to the floor of vagina

Front 9

aspiration of air into the vagina as a result of incompentent vestibulo-vaginal sphincter is termed?

Back 9

pneumovagina

Front 10

A Caslick's & perineoplasty are treatment for what condition?

Back 10

pneumovagina

Front 11

Which type of perineal laceration consists of a tear through vagina into rectum w/ ripping of perineal body, anal sphincter, and vulva forming a cloaca?

Back 11

third degree perineal laceration

Front 12

A tear through the vagina into rectum leaving a communicating tract b/t the vagina and rectum is termed?

Back 12

recto-vaginal fistula

Front 13

How should a recto-vaginal fistula be repaired?

Back 13

-delay surgery until primary healing has occurred

Front 14

Which of the following is FALSE about equine palpation per rectum?
a)the uterus is soft during estrus & firm & tubular during diestrus
b) the cervix and uterus are palpable
c) Corpus luteum is identifiable on ultrasound
d) CH is easy to identify on palpation

Back 14

D
CH & CL are difficult to identify on palpation

Front 15

How does the anatomy of the equine ovary differ from the cow?

Back 15

the medullary zone is on the surface and the cortical zone on the inside

Front 16

Why is the CL often not readily palpable per rectum?

Back 16

it does not protrude from the surface & distort the shape of the ovary as in the cow

Front 17

Which of the following is FALSE?
a) large follicle are only present during one stage of the estrus cycle
b) ovulation is always thru the ovulation fossa
c) the right ovary is more cranial
d) granulosa-thecal cell & teratomas are the most common ovarian neoplasia

Back 17

A
large follicles can be found during ALL stages of estrus

Front 18

What 3 things may be assessed by uterine biopsy?

Back 18

1) endometritis
2) periglandular fibrosis & nesting of endometrial glands
3) lymphatic lacunae

Front 19

Which of the following is TRUE of attempts to shorten the late transitional period?
a) tx not successful in anestrus mares
b) P4 or P&E may be used
c) may have benefits w/ mares under lights
d) Altenogest may be used
e) all are true

Back 19

E

Front 20

What 2 drugs may be used to advance ovulation during late transition?

Back 20

hCG & GnRH

Front 21

How long after hCG administration will ovulation occur?

Back 21

48hrs

Front 22

True/False
some mares may return to anestrus after induced ovulation

Back 22

TRUE

Front 23

What is Deslorelin used for?

Back 23

advancing ovulation
multiple tx required

Front 24

What size must follicles be to give hCG for induction of ovulation?

Back 24

greater than 35mm

Front 25

Which of the following is NOT an indication for PGF2?
a) advance timing of 2nd estrus
b) induced ovulation
c) induced abortion
d) tx of persistent luteal fxn
e) estrus synchronization

Back 25

B

Front 26

When may PGF be used to cause luteolysis of the CL?

Back 26

6 days postovulation

Front 27

T/F
injection of PGF 9days postovulation is best for shortening interovulatory interval

Back 27

FALSE
injection of PGF more than 9days postovulation is DOES NOT significantly shorten interovulatory interval

Front 28

estrus will begin _____days after stopping P4 tx and ovulation will be ___days after last tx

Back 28

4-7days
7-12

Front 29

When does foal heat occur?

Back 29

10 days post foaling

Front 30

What is the normal gestation length?

Back 30

335-342 days

Front 31

Foals born before ______are considered premature

Back 31

320 days

Front 32

foaling before _____days is considered abortion

Back 32

300days

Front 33

long gestation is over ____days

Back 33

360

Front 34

a birth of a foal at a normal gestation length but immature is termed?

Back 34

dysmature

Front 35

When does the embryonic vesicle stop moving and become fixed in place at the base of one horn?
a) day 25
b) day 16
c) day 2-3
d) 2days after ovulation

Back 35

B

Front 36

T/F
fixation is not fetal-maternal attachment but is caused by enlargement of the embryonic vesicle and tone of uterus

Back 36

TRUE

Front 37

Which of the following is TRUE of endometrial cups?
a) secrete eCG
b) assist in formation of supplementary CLs
c) during pregnancy loss mare will not return to estrus until endometrial cups regress
d) all are true

Back 37

D

Front 38

ovariectomy usually does not cause abortion after ______-days

Back 38

100-140 days

Front 39

when do progestins of fetoplacental orgin appear in the mares circulation?

Back 39

3-60days

Front 40

When are embryonic vesicles detectable on ultrasound?

Back 40

9-10days

Front 41

when is the heartbeat of the embryo dectectable?

Back 41

24-26 days

Front 42

Which of the following can NOT be used for pregnancy detection in the mare?
a) hCG
b) estrogens
c) ultrasound
d) PGF
e) rectal palpation

Back 42

D

Front 43

Which of the following is NOT a way to predict time of foaling?
a) increase in Ca & Mg
b) accumulation of wax on teat
c) monitoring milk secretions
d) all are correct

Back 43

D

Front 44

List 4 indication for induction of foaling

Back 44

1) high risk pregnancy
2) research
3) teaching
4) convenience

Front 45

Which membrane should appear first in parturition?

Back 45

amnion

Front 46

what is a "red bag"

Back 46

chorion separates from uterus an dred, velvety surface appears rather than the white amnion

Front 47

T/F
a partial retained placenta is more likely to occur in the gravid horn

Back 47

FALSE
more likely in non gravid horn

Front 48

Which of the following is suspected when a postpartum mare has mild colic that is unresponsive to analgesics?
a) invagination of uterine horn
b) retained placenta
c) uterine prolapse
d) uterine rupture

Back 48

A

Front 49

during which stage does uterine rupture normally occur?

Back 49

2nd stage

Front 50

Which is FALSE of internal hemorrhage due to parturition?
a) hematomas may be found on subsequent prebreeding exams
b) left side more commonly ruptured
c) common in mare >10yrs
d) external iliac artery less common rupture

Back 50

B
right uterine artery more common

Front 51

Which of the following is FALSE of twin births?
a) twin pregnancies result in abortion of only one twin
b) twins account for about 2% of births
c) after double ovulation each oocyte has an equal chance of fertilization
d) if born alive twins have low survival rate

Back 51

A

Front 52

when are twins most likely to be reduced to singletons?

Back 52

is both twins are adjacent to one another in the same horn (unilateral)

Front 53

The majority of twins are eliminated before ________days

Back 53

40days

Front 54

if the vet sees twins on day 14-18 what 2 choices does she have?

Back 54

1) if unilateral, wait & see if one is eliminated
2) if bilateral eliminate one by pinching before day 25

Front 55

if twins are still present at 32days what should be done?

Back 55

1) abort both before endometrial cups present
2) wait till next month & watch for eliminatino

Front 56

T/F
bloody vulvar discharge towards end of pregnancy always mean that the mare has placentitis

Back 56

False

Front 57

Which of the folllowing is NOT a done during impending abortion?
a) progestagens tx
b) isoxsuprine tx
c) intranasal oxygen
d) vaginal exam

Back 57

D
vaginal exam should always be avoided may result in ascending placentitis or abortion

Front 58

Excess fluid accumulation (usually w/in the allantoic or amniotic cavities) is termed?

Back 58

hydropic condition

Front 59

name the clinical signs of a mare w/ hydrops

Back 59

-dramatic abdominal enlargement
-diffuculty moving
-normal body temp
-increased HR, dyspnea
-marked ventral edema

Front 60

name a difference b/t twins and hydrops

Back 60

twins cause a more progressive enlargment

Front 61

Which of the following is FALSE of hydrops?
a) might be a hereditary problem
b) mares predisposed to retained fetal membranes
c) on transrectal palpation fetal will be felt along w/ the enlarged uterus
d) pregnancy should be terminated

Back 61

C
fetus not felt

Front 62

What most likely causes hydramnion?

Back 62

fetal anomalies that affect the recirculation of amniotic fluid

Front 63

What is the most common cause of infectious abortion in the mare during the last half of gestation?

Back 63

EHV 1 or Rhinopneumonitis

Front 64

How is EHV1 transmitted

Back 64

inhalation/contact w/ infected secretions

Front 65

What is the clinical presentation of EHV1?

Back 65

-sudden fetal loss in otherwise healthy mare
-resp infection in young horses

Front 66

Equine Viral Arteritis is a venereal dz caused by a _____virus

Back 66

arterivirus

Front 67

Which of the following is endemic to standardbreds?
a) EHV
b) CEM
c) EVA
d) lepto

Back 67

C

Front 68

What is the role of the stallion in EVA?

Back 68

the stallion is the carrier of the disease and persistent shedder

Front 69

Which of the following is FALSE of EVA?
a) fetus is not always infection by the time abortion occurs
b) transmission may occur via inhalation
c) lesions common in fetus
d) virus has tropism for endothelial cells
e) necrotizing myometritis may be seen on histopathology

Back 69

C

Front 70

Which of the following is TRUE of the control of EVA?
a) a negative serology could still mean a horse is a carrier
b) shedding stallions can not be vaccinated
c) EVA vax is a killed vaccine
d) mares bred to a shedding stallion should be tested for antibodies against EVA

Back 70

D

Front 71

Which of the following is TRUE of lepto?
a) lesions are always present on aborted material
b) modified live vax is used in horses
c) clinical dz & abortion is associated w/ host adapted serotypes
d) Bratislava is the host adapted serotype

Back 71

D

Front 72

What disease is caused by the organism Taylorella equigenitalis?

Back 72

Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM)

Front 73

Which of the following is eradicated in N.America?
a) Contagious Equine Metritis
b) Lepto
c) Equine viral arteritis
d) EHV 1

Back 73

A

Front 74

Which of the following is usually NOT associated w/ abortion?
a) EIA
b) Coital exanthema (EHV3)
c) Trypanosoma
d) EHV 1

Back 74

B

Front 75

What 3 pathological changes occur w/ endometritis?

Back 75

1) presence of neutrophils
2) elevated lymphocytes
3) eosinophils

Front 76

Which of the following is normal in anestrus?
a) lymphatic lacunae
b) edema
c) periglandular fibrosis
d) atrophy of endometrium

Back 76

D

Front 77

Which of the following is NOT a treatment for persistent mating induced endometritis?
a) oxytocin IV
b) PGF2
c) cloprostenol
d) uterine lavage & antibiotics

Back 77

B

Front 78

Which of the following is TRUE of pyometra in the horse?
a) may be open or closed
b) often present w/out systemic illness
c) normal cyclicity continues
d) all are true

Back 78

D

Front 79

What is the most common tumor of the ovary in the mare?

Back 79

granulosa cell tumor

Front 80

Which is FALSE of granulosa cell tumors?
a) atophy of ispilateral ovary
b) enlargement or absence of ovulation fossa
c) stallion like behavior
d) anestrus or constant estrus seen

Back 80

A

Front 81

Which of the following is NOT a component of stallion BSE?
a) at least 2 ejaculates are collected 24hrs apart
b) EIA serology
c) total spermatozoa
d) motiligy

Back 81

A
-2 ejaculated collected 1hr apart

Front 82

how much sperm are stallions expected to produce?

Back 82

at least one billion

Front 83

List the 3 infectious repro disease of horses that are transmitted venereally

Back 83

1) CEM (taylorella)
2) Equine Coital Exanthema
3) Trypanosoma

Front 84

Which of the following wil cause both small & large testes?
a) orchitis
b) torsion of testis
c) neoplasia
d) toxins
e) more than 1

Back 84

E) torsion & neoplasia

Front 85

Which of the 4 assessory sex glands in the most involved in bacterial infectious conditions?
a) ampulla
b) prostate
c) bulbourethral
d) seminal vesicles

Back 85

D

Front 86

Which of the following may cause penile paralysis?
a) Rabies
b) EHV 1
c) phenothiazine
d) EPM
e) all of above

Back 86

E

Front 87

What is the most common neoplasia of penis? Which is most common in gray horses?

Back 87

Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma

Front 88

A subcutaneous testis that canont be manually displaced into scrotum is termed?

Back 88

ectopic testis

Front 89

testosterone conc <40pc/ml indicates what about testicular tissue?

Back 89

there is NO testicular tissue