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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define multiple myeloma and explain the role of M protein.
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Multiple myeloma is an incurable disease that is a common hematologic malignancy that develops in plasma cells (B lymphocytes). These monoclonal plasma cells produce excessive monoclonal immunoglobulins that can be measure in the plasma or urine (M protein).
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Epidemiology facts about multiple myeloma.
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-median age of diagnosis is 70
-more frequent in males and blacks -causes cannot be indentified for most patients |
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Signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma.
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-bone pain (fractures)
-fatigue (anemia) -infection (reduced polyclonal response) -polyuria and nausea and vomiting (hypercalcemia) |
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What are lab parameters associated with multiple myeloma?
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Elevated: paraproteins, serum creatinine, serum calcium, beta2-microglobulin, C reactive protein
Decreased: albumin, hemaglobin Bone marrow is greater than 10% plasma cells |
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What is smoldering multiple myeloma?
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MM that is asymptomatic with no end-organ damage
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Stage I multiple myeloma?
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Serum beta2-microglobulin is less than 3.5 mcg/ml and serum albumin is greater than 3.5 g/dl. Median survival time is 62 months.
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Stage II multiple myeloma?
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Median survival time is 44 months
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Stage III multiple myeloma?
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Serum beta2-microglobulin is greater than 3.5 mcg/ml. Median survival time is 29 months.
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Negative prognostic factor in multiple myeloma.
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-chromosome 13 deletions
-elevated beta2-microglobulin -elevated C-reactive protein -low albumin -high bone marrow microvessel density |
