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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is lymphoma?
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Heterogeneous group of malignancies. They are a malignant transformation of immune cells that reside predominantly in lymphoid tissue. They present as solid tumor masses and sometimes as circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood.
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Epidemiological facts about Hodgkin's Lymphona.
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-fatal in 90% if untreated for 2-3 years
-75% of newly dianosed cases will be cured with appropriate therapy -Bimodal age distribution (15-44, then over 55) -Cause is unknown (but increased risk seen in patients with Epstein-Barr Virus) |
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Who is at increased risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
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Immunosuppressed individuals are at increased risk
-congential immunosuppression -solid-organ transplant recipients -HIV patients |
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Clinical presentation of Hodgkin's disease?
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Adenopathy appears and disappears for an average of 5 months prior to diagnosis. The most common site is the cervical lymph nodes. Other symptoms include fever, drenching night sweats, and unexplained weight loss (B symptoms). It can present with a large bulky tumor.
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What is stage I of Hodgkin's disease?
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Involvement of single lymph node region or structure
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What is stage II of Hodgkin's disease?
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Involvement of 2 or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm or localized involvement of an extralymphatic organ.
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What is stage III of Hodgkin's disease?
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Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm which may be accompanied by localized involvement of an extralymphatic organ or site or by involvement of the spleen or both
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What is stage IV of Hodgkin's disease?
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Diffuse of disseminated involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs or tissues with or without associated lymph node enlargement.
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When refering to Hodgkin's disease, what do A, B, and X stand for?
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A means there are no B symptoms.
B means that B symptoms are present. X indicates bulky disease. |
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What are the cure rates of the different stages of Hodgkin's disease?
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Stage I and II have a 90-95% cure rate.
Stage III and IV have a 65-70% cure rate. Patients older than 60-70 are 50% as likely to be cured as younger patients. |
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Some epidemiological facts about non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
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-average age of diagnosis is 67, but can occur at any age
-etiology is unknown, but increased incidence with immunodeficient states -autoimmune disorders have been associated with NHL such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, SLE, and rheumatoid arthritis. -certain infections have been associated with NHL: EBV, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, and human herpes virus 8 |
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Pathology of NHL?
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NHL neoplasms are derived from proliferation of malignant B or T lymphocytes and their precursors. 85% are B-cell origin. Proliferation of malignant cells results in the replacement of normal cells and architecture of the lymph nodes or bone marrow with uniform population of lymphoid cells.
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Clinical presentation of NHL?
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-Presenting symptoms depend on the site of disease involvement and if tumor is nodal or extranodal. B-cell involvement includes lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow. T-cell involvement includes skin and lungs.
-Localized or generalized lymphadenopathy occurs in 2/3 of patients. Lymph nodes are usually painless but rubbery. -Liver and spleen may be enlarged. -Bone marrow involvement may be present and present as anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia -acute renal failure |
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Diagnosis of NHL?
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Excisional biopsy of lymph node is made. Also consider liver or spleen biopsy if organs are enlarged or involved. After initial diagnosis, determine extent of involvement.
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Stage I of NHL?
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Single node region are single extralymphatic site or organ.
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Stage II of NHL?
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Two or more node regions on the same side of the diaphragm. There is a single node region plus a localized single site.
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Stage III of NHL?
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Node regions on both sides of the diaphragm. Also nodes possibly present on the spleen and another site.
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Stage IV of NHL?
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Diffuse extralymphatic involvement
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