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23 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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vancomycin
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● a glycopeptide antibiotic
● used as a prophylaxis and treatment of infections w/ Gram + bacteria ●MOA= prevents polymerization of peptidoglycans in bacterial cell wall ● renal clearance ● IV administration only. Not absorbed orally because hydrophilic and large |
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Theophylline
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●methylxanthine drug
●↑cAMP ●respiratory disease (COPD) or asthma ●f=90-100% oral ●narrow therapeutic index ●at high conc. approaches zero order kinetics ●metabolized in liver to demethylated xanthines which are excreted in the urine |
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Warfarin
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●anticoagulant
●inhibits normal synthesis of Vit K dependent clotting factor in liver II, VII, IX and X and protein C and S ●f=90-100% oral ●long half-life ●protein bound ●metabolized by liver |
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Phenytoin
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●antiepileptic
●inhibits high freq AP by binding to voltage sensitive Na channels of neurons ●f=90-100% oral ●acts by stabilizing the inactive state of voltage gated Na+ channels ●zero order kinetics at high concentration ●metabolized in the liver ●2 component distribution |
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Digoxin
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●used to treat atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and congestive heart failure
●inhibits the cellular Na+/K+ ATPase pump to increase intracellular Na which impairs Na/Ca exchanger and increases intracelluar Ca. ●f=90-100% oral ●renal and hepatic clearance ●large Vd ●2 compartment distribution |
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Lidocaine
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●local anesthetic
●antiarrhythmic ●Na channel blocker ●f=30-35% oral ●extensive first-pass metabolism inthe liver ●2 compartment distribution profile |
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Gentamicin
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●aminoglycoside antibiotic
●binds to 30s ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis ●used to treat bacterial infections esp. gram - ●is nephrotoxic ●renal clearance |
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Tobramycin
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●doesn't pass GI tract so only administered IV/IM
●renal clearance |
Tobramycin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat various types of bacterial infections, particularly Gram-negative infections.
Tobramycin works by binding to a site on the bacterial 30S and 50S ribosome, causing the genetic code to be misread, leading to a defective bacterial cell membrane. |
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Penicillin G
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●used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by gram + bacteria
●prevents peptidoglycan cross-linking ●renal and hepatic clearance ●elimination dependent on renal function ●half life can increase 20 fold in renal failure |
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Aspirin
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●analgesic
●antipyretic (fever reducer) ●anti-inflammation ●Cox-1 & Cox-2 inhibitor to prevent conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins ●zero order elimination at high concentration |
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EtOH
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●MIXED ORDER KINETICS of elimination at high concentration
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Propranolol
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●β-blocker
●used to treat hypertension ●f=30-35% oral ●extensive first pass metabolism ●lipid soluble ● large Vd |
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Synthetic Sympathomimetics
Isoproterenol (stimulates β1 and β2 receptors) |
Physiological effects
Decrease TPR (β2 receptor) Increase CO (β1) Small increase in MAP Bronchodilation (β2) Toxicity Arrhythmias Indications Bradycardia/heart block when TPR is high Bronchospasm w/ anesth Contraindications Tachyarrhythmias Angina |
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Synthetic Sympathomimetics
Dobutamine (stimulates β1 receptors) |
Physiological effects
Increase CO (β1) Toxicity Arrhythmias Hypertension Indications Short-term Rx for HF or cardiogenic shock, excess β-blockade Contraindications Subaortic stenosis |
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Synthetic Sympathomimetics
Terbutaline and Albuterol (salbutamol) selective β2-agonists |
Physiological effects
Bronchodilation Uterine relaxation Indications Bronchospasm Chronic Rx of obstructive airway Dx Toxicity Tachycardia Muscle Tremor Tolerance |
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Synthetic Sympathomimetics
Phenylephrine (stimulates α1 receptors) |
Physiological effects
Increase TPR Decrease HR (baroreflex) Pupillary dilation Decrease bronchiol and sinus secretions Toxicity Hypertension Indications Hypotension during anesthesia SV tachycardia Mydriatic agent in opthalmic Rx Nasal congestion Contraindications Severe hypertension Ventricular tachycardia |
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Synthetic Sympathomimetics
Chlonidine (stimulates α2 receptors) |
Physiological effects
acute increase in BP (peripheral effect) reduced BP (central effect) Toxicity Dry mouth Sedation Hypertensive crisis (after acute withdrawal) Indications Hypertension due to sympathetic activation |
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Indirect Acting Sympathomimetcs
Amphetamine,methamphetamine, methylphenidate,ephedrine, pseduoephedrine and tyramine |
Physiological effects
increased diastolic and systolic BP positive inotropic and chronotropic effects CNS stimulant Anorexia Toxicity Tachycardia Anxiety Indications Attention Deficit Disorder Narcolepsy Nasal decongestion Contraindications Hypertension Severe athrosclerosis History of drug abuse Rx with MAO inhibitors within 2 wks |
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Non-selective β-blockers
Propranolol/Nadolol/Timolol |
Physiological effects
Decreased HR Decreased contractility Decreased renin release Inhibits aqueous humor production Toxicity Bronchospasm Mask symptoms of hypoglycemia Indications Hypertension Angina Glaucoma Early to moderate Heart Failure Arrhythmia Thyrotoxicosis Anxiety Migraine Contraindications Bronchial Asthma Sinus bradycardia 2nd and 3rd degree heart block Cardiogenic Shock Severe Heart Failure |
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Cardio selective β1-blockers
Metoprolol/Atenolol/Esmolol |
Physiological effects
Decrease BP Decrease HR Decrease contractility Decrease renin release Toxicity Dizziness Depression Insomnia Hypotension Indications Hypertension Angina Arrhythmia Contraindications Sinus bradycardia 2nd and 3rd degree heart block Cardiogenic Shock Severe Heart Failure |
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Partial Agonist β-blockers
Pindolol (less bradycardia and lipid abnormalities) |
Physiological effects
Decrease BP Decrease contractility Decrease renin release Toxicity Dizziness Depression Insomnia Hypotension Indications Hypertension Angina Contraindications Sinus bradycardia 2nd and 3rd degree heart block Cardiogenic Shock Severe Heart Failure |
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Non-selective α-blockers
Phentolamine/Phenoxybenzamine |
Physiological effects
Decrease BP Toxicity Prolonged hypotension Reflex tachycardia Nasal congestion Indications Hypertension associated w/ pheochromocytoma Vasoconstrictor-induced extravasation Contraindications Coronary artery disease |
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selective α1 blockers
Prazosin/Doxazosin/Terazosin |
Physiological effects
Decrease BP Decrease urinary obstruction from BPH Toxicity Syncopy Orthostatic Hypotension Indications Hypertension Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) |
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