Therapeutic Modalities

Front 1

Principles of heat transfer

Back 1

Conduction: conduction refers to the gain or loss of heat resulting from direct contact between two materials at different temperatures (ex: cold pack, hot pack, ice massage)

Convection: infection refers to the gain or loss of heat resulting from air or water moving in a constant motion across the body (ex: whirlpool)

Conversion: conversion refers to heating that occurs when non-thermal energy is absorbed into tissue and transformed into heat (ex: ultrasound)

Evaporation: evaporation refers to the transfer of heat that occurs as a liquid absorbs energy and changes form into a vapor (ex: vapocoolant spray)

Radiation: radiation refers to the direct transfer of heat from a radiation energy source of higher temperature to one of a cooler temperature (ex: laser)

Front 2

Cryotherapy

Back 2

Cryotherapy refers to the local or General use of low temperatures in rehab. Cryotherapy generates therapeutic effects by influencing blood flow, metabolic rate

Front 3

Cryotherapy effects

Back 3

Decreased edema

Decreased local temperature

Increase pain threshold

Front 4

Cryotherapy indications

Back 4

Abnormal tone

Acute or chronic pain

Muscle spasms

Bursitis

Front 5

Cryotherapy contraindications

Back 5

Cold intolerance

cold urticaria

infection

over an area of compromised circulation

Raynaud’s phenomenon

Front 6

Ice massage

Back 6

Ice should be applied using small over lapping circles or strokes. An area 10 cm by 15 cm can be covered in 5-10 minutes

Front 7

Cold pack

Back 7

Before a cold pack is placed on a patient it should be in a protectant like a pillow case and then placed on patient for approximately 20 minutes

Front 8

Cold bath

Back 8

Cold bath is commonly used for the immersion of the distal extremities. Cold bath temperature ranges between 55-65 F. The body part should be immersed for 15-20 minutes to attain the desired therapeutic effects.

Front 9

Controlled cold compression unit

Back 9

A controlled cold compression unit circulates cooled water through a sleeve that is applied to an extremity. Water temperatures range from 50-77 F. Compression is applied intermittently.

Front 10

Controlled cold compression unit

Back 10

A controlled cold compression unit circulates cooled water through a sleeve that is applied to an extremity. Water temperatures range from 50-77 F. Compression is applied intermittently.

Front 11

Cryo Cuff

Back 11

Cold water circulation combined with compression. Commonly used on knee but also used on the shoulder and ankle.

Front 12

Vapocoolant Spray

Back 12

Applied at a 30 degree angle at a distance of 12-18 inches from the skin.

Front 13

Superficial thermotherapy

Back 13

Refers to the local or general use of high temperatures in rehabilitation with the goal of increasing skin temperature and superficial subcutaneous tissue to depths of up to two centimeters.

Front 14

Thermotherapy therapeutic effects

Back 14

Decreased muscle spasm

Decreased tone

Increased blood flow to treatment area

Increased collagen extensibility

Increased pain thershold

Front 15

Thermotherapy indications

Back 15

Abnormal tone

Decreased ROM

muscle guarding

Muscle spasms

Chronic pain

Front 16

Thermotherapy indications

Back 16

Abnormal tone

Decreased ROM

muscle guarding

Muscle spasms

Chronic pain

Front 17

Thermotherapy contraindications

Back 17

Arterial disease

Bleeding or hemorrhage

Over area of compromised circulation

Area of malignancy

Thrombophlebitis

Peripheral vascular disease

Front 18

Hot pack

Back 18

Stored in water between 158-167

Application requires 6-8 layers of towels between hot pack and skin

Check skin after 5 minutes of application is applied

Hot pack applied approximately 15-20 minutes

Front 19

Paraffin

Back 19

Paraffin was is a commonly used heating source for distal extremities.

Temperature is between 113-122 degrees

Front 20

Deep thermotherapy- ultrasound

Back 20

The goal is to increase tissue temperature. Deep heating agents are capable of heating to depths of 3-5 centimeters

Front 21

Ultrasound

Back 21

Transfers heat through conversion

Front 22

Ultrasound indications

Back 22

Acute and post acute conditions

Calcium deposits

Chronic inflammation

Delayed soft tissue healing

Joint contracture

Muscle spasm

Pain

Tissue regeneration

Front 23

Ultrasound contraindications

Back 23

Thermal ultrasound

Active bleeding areas

Decreased sensation

Deep vein thrombosis

Infection

Malignancy

Pacemaker

Front 24

Thermal ultrasound

Back 24

Thermal effects of ultrasound include acceleration of metabolic rate, modulation of pain, reduction of muscle spasm, decrease joint stiffness, increased circulation.

Front 25

Nonthermal ultrasound effects

Back 25

Nonthermal effects of ultrasound include increased cell and skin membrane permeability, increased intercellular calcium levels, facilitation of tissue repair, promotion of normal cell function.