Pt 514 Therapeutic Modalities Final Exam

Front 1

What category are hot packs?

Back 1

Thermal

Front 2

What category are cold packs?

Back 2

Thermal

Front 3

What category is Ultrasound?

Back 3

Thermal
Nonthermal
Mechanincal

Front 4

What category is diathermy?

Back 4

Thermal Electromagnetic

Front 5

What category is traction?

Back 5

Mechanical

Front 6

What category is whirlpool?

Back 6

Mechanical
Thermal

Front 7

What category E-stim?

Back 7

Electromagnetic

Front 8

What category is laser/light?

Back 8

Electromagnetic

Front 9

What is a modality which superficially increases tissue temperature?

Back 9

Hot Pack

Front 10

What is a modality which superficially decreases tissue temurature?

Back 10

Cold Pack

Front 11

What uses a material to contract/expand at the same frequencyat which the AC current changes polarity(>20KHtz) in order to produce inaudible sound waves which vibrate the tissues?

Back 11

US

Front 12

What is a magnetic field that inductively occilates charged particles which produce friction and heat?

Back 12

Diathermy

Front 13

What is mechanical force applied to the body to separate joint surfaces and elongate tissue?

Back 13

Traction

Front 14

What is a modality which uses warm or cool water?

Back 14

Whirlpool

Front 15

What is used to stimulate innervated muscle tissue, is used for healing and pain, and can have acupuncture like affects?

Back 15

E-stim

Front 16

What has electromagnetic fields that vary over time which are perpendicular to each other?

Back 16

Laser

Front 17

What affects does heat have?

Back 17

Hemodynamic Effects: vasodilation Neuromuscular Effects: changes in nerve conduction velocity and firing, increase pain threshold, changes in muscle strength
Metabolic Effects: increase metabolic rate
Altered Tissue Exensibility: increase collagen extensibility

Front 18

What affects does cold have?

Back 18

Hemodynamic Effects: vasoconstriction, CIVD(cold induced vasodilation)
Neuromuscular Effects: decreased nerve conduction velocity, increase pain threshold, altered muscle strength, decrease spasticity
Metabolic Effects: decrease metabolic rate

Front 19

What affects does US have?

Back 19

Thermal Effects: accelerate metabolic rate, reduce pain, and muscle spasm, alter nerve conduction, increase circulation
Non Thermal Effects: cavitation, microstreaming, acoustic streaming, increase intracellular calcium levels, increase skin and cell membrane permeability, increase mast cell degranulation, release histamine, promote macrophage response, protein synthesis by fibroblast, increase nitric oxide synthesis, proteoglycan synthesis

Front 20

What affects does diathermy have?

Back 20

Thermal Effects: vasodilation, increase nerve conduction, elevation of pain threshold, alteration of muscle strength, acceleration of somatic activity, increases soft tissue extensibility
Non-Thermal Effects: increase microvascular profusion, increase circulation, increase tissue oxygenation nutrient availability, phagocytosis, stimulates ATP and Protein synthesis

Front 21

What affects does traction have?

Back 21

Joint distraction, reduce disc protrusion, soft tissue stretching, muscle relaxation, joint mobilization

Front 22

What affects does whirlpool have?

Back 22

Cleansing effects: pressure to remove debris, dissolve anti-microbials
Musculoskeletal Effects: decreased weight bearing, strengthening, effects on bone density loss, less fat loss
Cardiovascular effects: increase venous circulation, increase cardiac volume, increase cardiac output, decreased heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and VO2 response to exercise
Respiratory Effects: decreased vital capacity, increased breathing, decreased asthma
Renal Effects: diuresis, increased sodium potassium excretion
Psychological Effects: relaxing

Front 23

What affects does E-stim have?

Back 23

nerve depolarization
muscle depolarization
ionic effects
pain modulation
tissue healing

Front 24

What affects does laser have?

Back 24

Thermal – same as hot pack
Nonthermal (UV and pusles diathermy) stimulates ATP and RNA production, alter synthesis of cytokines, effects calcium channels, intercellular communication, collagen production, modulate inflammation, inhibit bacterial growth, vasodilation, alter nerve conduction and regeneration

Front 25

At what healing stage would you use hot pack?

Back 25

Proliferative
Remodeling

Front 26

At what healing stage would you use cold pack?

Back 26

Inflammation

Front 27

At what healing stage would you use US?

Back 27

Proliferation
Remodeling

Front 28

At what healing stage would you use diathermy?

Back 28

Proliferative
Remodeling

Front 29

At what healing stage would you use traction?

Back 29

All

Front 30

At what healing stage would you use whirlpool?

Back 30

All

Front 31

At what healing stage would you use E-stim?

Back 31

All

Front 32

At what healing stage would you use laser?

Back 32

All

Front 33

At what pain state would you use heat?

Back 33

Abnormal
Referred

Front 34

At what pain state would you use cold packs?

Back 34

Acute

Front 35

What what pain state would you use US?

Back 35

Persistent
Abnormal

Front 36

What what pain state would you use diathermy?

Back 36

All

Front 37

What what pain state would you use traction?

Back 37

Persistent
Abnormal

Front 38

What what pain state would you use whirlpool?

Back 38

All

Front 39

What what pain state would you use E-stim?

Back 39

All

Front 40

What what pain state would you use laser?

Back 40

Acute
Persistent

Front 41

What are contraindications of heat packs?

Back 41

1. Recent or potential hemmorage
2. Thrombophlebitus
3. Impaired sensation/mentation
4. Malignant Tumor
5. IR radiation to eyes

Front 42

What are contraindications of cold packs?

Back 42

1. Cold hypersensitivity
2. Cold intolerance
3. Cryglobulinemia
4. Paroxysma cold hemoglobenurea
5. Raynods disease
6. Over regenerating peripheral nerve
7. Over area with circulatory compromise or peripheralvascular disease

Front 43

What are contraindications of US?

Back 43

1. Malignant tumor
2. Pregnancy
3. CNS tissue
4. Joint cement
5. Plastic component
6. Pace makers
7. Thrombophlebitus
8. Eyes
9. Repro

Front 44

What are contraindications of diathermy?

Back 44

ALL
1. Implanted or transutaneus neurostimulators (IE pacemakers)
2. Prego
Thermal
1. Metal implants
2. Malignancy
3. Eyes
4. Testes
5. Growing epiphysis
Non-Thermal
1. Deep tissue such as internal organs
2. Substitute for conventional therapy for edema and pain
3. Pacemakers, electronic devices or metal implants

Front 45

What are contraindications of traction?

Back 45

1. Where motion is contraindicated
2. Acute injury or inflammation
3. Joint hypermobility/instability
4. Peripheralization of symtoms with traction
5. Uncontrolled hypertension

Front 46

What are contraindications of whirlpool?

Back 46

Local Immersion
1. Aceration around a wound
2. Bleeding
Full body immersion
1. Cardiac instability
2. Infectous condition
3. Bowel incontinence
4. Severe epilepsy
5. Suicidal patiants

Front 47

What are contraindications of E-stim?

Back 47

1. Demand cardiac pacemaker or arrhythmias
2. Placement of electrode over coratid sinus
3. Area with venous insuffiency or thrombosis, thrombophlebitus
4. Pregnancy:over or around low back or stomach

Front 48

What are contraindications of laser?

Back 48

1. Direct irradiation of the eyes
2. Malignancy
3. Within 4-6 months after radial therapy
4. Over hemoraging regions
5. Over thyroid or other endocrine glands

Front 49

What is current evidence of heat packs?

Back 49

Unknown clinical implications and effects of heat that has on neuromuscular effects; beyond acute phase, heat should be the first intervention.

Front 50

What is current evidence of cold packs?

Back 50

Clinicians agree that in acute phases following trauma cold should be the modality of choice.

Front 51

What is current evidence of US?

Back 51

Evidence shows that it does not break up scar tissue.

Thermal has shown to not be as beneficial as non-thermal with thermal having more of a placebo effect.

Front 52

What is current evidence of diathermy?

Back 52

???

Front 53

What is current evidence of traction?

Back 53

More research needs to be done on effects of HNP

More effective than infrared, corset, and bed rest, ot packs and rest, hot pack, massage and mobilization and bed rest. No difference b/w traction and sham, no treatment, or placebo as a single tx.

Front 54

What is current evidence of whirlpool?

Back 54

???

Front 55

What is current evidence of laser?

Back 55

The most superficial therapeutic effect but little testing has been done and few confirmations have been made

Front 56

What is current evidence of E-stim?

Back 56

1. Most do not recommend stimulation of contractions with DC current.
2. NMES is effective in gait but controversial on improving gait.
3. There is evidence on E-stim that it reduces micro vessel leakage which reduces edema
4. Not good evidence for long term effect of dennervated muscle