Therapeutic Massage Week 5

Front 1

The application of a soothing hand to a sick person can be considered the prototype of any therapeutic treatment

Back 1

Massage

Front 2

Is a term used to describe certain manipulations of the soft tisues of the body

Back 2

Massage

Front 3

Defined a group of procedures which are usually done with the hands, and include friction, kneading, rolling, and percussion of the external tissues of the body

Back 3

Massage

Front 4

TRUE OR FALSE: Massage manipulations are more commonly and effectively performed with the hands

Back 4

TRUE

Front 5

Possible origins of the term massage

Back 5

Arabic, Greek, and Sanskrit

Front 6

Arabic verb, "To touch"

Back 6

massa

Front 7

Greek word, "To knead"

Back 7

Massein

Front 8

Sanskrit term, "to press or condense"

Back 8

Makek

Front 9

Earlist known reference to massage dates back to what?

Back 9

15,000 BC

Front 10

Where was it found?

Back 10

Pyrenees

Front 11

Ancient medical records from _____, _____, and _____ show massage as a therapeutic intervention

Back 11

China, India, and Babylon

Front 12

a ____ text from ____ BC mentions the use of massage

Back 12

chinese; 2700

Front 13

In 1000 BC, also known as "the yellow emperor's classic of internal medicine," describes the use of massage and breathing exercises

Back 13

Nei ching

Front 14

Considered the oldest medical text in India (1500 to 1200 BC), frequently references massage

Back 14

Ayur Veda

Front 15

In this place, around 900 BC, massage was prescribed for expelling demons and aiding in healing

Back 15

Babylon of Assyria

Front 16

Considered the "Father of Modern Medicine", extensively wrote about massage in his book "On Articulations"

Back 16

Hippocrates

Front 17

_______ and _______ mentioned the use of oils during massage

Back 17

Plato; Socrates

Front 18

Regarded as the "Father of Physical Medicine"; Wrote about hydrotherapy, exercise, and massage as the three most important therapeutic modalities to us in the treatment of patients

Back 18

Asclepiades (129 to 40 BC)

Front 19

In the middle ages, the ______ __ ____ discouraged the use of massage as a healing practice, causing it to fall out of favor

Back 19

Church of Rome

Front 20

During the _________, medical scholars revived the practice of massage and sought to understand its effects on physiology and anatomy

Back 20

Renaissance

Front 21

this medical community played a significant role in this revival of massage; they embranced the "friction of the skin"

Back 21

French medical community

Front 22

The french medical community introduced many different techniques for providing massage

Back 22

Effleurage

Petrissage

Tapotement

Friction Massage

Front 23

A dutch physician who developed his own style of massage, made massage a fundamental component of physical rehabilitation

Back 23

Johann Mezger

Front 24

Credited with introducing the terminology to describe massage techniques (e.g effleurage, petrissage, tapotement) which is still used in massage legislation and massage curricula

Back 24

Johann Mezger

Front 25

He founded curative gymnastics which combined massage and exercise as an approach to health

Back 25

Per Henking Ling

Front 26

Per Henking Ling incorporated french techniques and terms into his work like?

Back 26

Rolling

Sliding

Pinching

Shaking

Vibration

Front 27

Per Henking Ling established what and promoted what is now known as ?

Back 27

Central Royal Institute for Gymnastics; "Swedish" Massage

Front 28

When was the Swedish Institute of Massage established?

Back 28

1916

Front 29

Included massage as part of the curriculum and it was administered to patients for comfort

Back 29

Nurse training

Front 30

The founder of modern nursing; used massage as an integral part of patient care during the Crimean war (1853 - 1856)

Back 30

Florence Nightingale

Front 31

Principles of Massage

Back 31

Duration

Frequency

Type of Movements

Front 32

Duration depends on what?

Back 32

Areas to be treated

Rate of Movements

Age and size of the px

Change in symptoms

Front 33

Areas of injury or disease should be clearly mentioned

Back 33

Area to be treated

Front 34

Include the muscle that controls the movement of the arm and shoulder joint

Back 34

Prescriptions

Front 35

Consider the relevant muscles and joints involved in the condition

Back 35

Area to be treated

Front 36

Slow, gentle, and rhythmical stroking recommended rate of stroking?

Back 36

15 strokes per min

Front 37

For deeper, stimulating massage techniques, the recommended rate ranges from?

Back 37

30 - 90 strokes per min

Front 38

Help ensure that the massage is administered at the appropriate pace which is important for achieving the desired therapeutic effects and evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment

Back 38

Guidelines

Front 39

When dealing with a smaller patient, its advisable to apply the massage for a _____ period of time

Back 39

shorter

Front 40

TRUE OR FALSE: Smaller patients just have the same tissues as you would a bigger patient that needs to be manipulated

Back 40

FALSE

Front 41

Elderly and very young patients tend to have ______ _____ ___ making them more responsie to external stimuli

Back 41

Sensitive reflex arcs

Front 42

Instead of increasing the rate of massage movements for sensitive patients, its best to ____ the number of movements to help prevent overstimulation and discomfort while still providing therapeutic benefits

Back 42

reduce

Front 43

In medical or therapeutic treatments, its essential to _____ ____ ______ at which the treatment should be administered

Back 43

Specify the frequency, Frequency

Front 44

As the pt's condition improves the frequency and duration is _________

Back 44

diminished

Front 45

adjusted based on the patient's progress

Back 45

treatment frequency

Front 46

Becomes necessary to adapt the treatment plan reflect to their changing needs

Back 46

When the patient's condition improves

Front 47

When the patient's condition improves, the frequency of treatment sessions may ______

Back 47

decrease

Front 48

Application techniques of therapeutic massage

Back 48

type of movements

Front 49

therapists should openly talk with patients to assess comfort, pain, and preferences for tailored treatment

Back 49

Effective communication

Front 50

Patients should be encouraged to share thoughts during the session, helping therapists make necessary adjustments

Back 50

Encourage Feedback

Front 51

Therapists must adapt based on patient reactions and concerns, customizing the massage for their unique needs.

Back 51

Stay Adaptable

Front 52

Vigilance is key. Therapists should promptly adjust or stop techniques if discomfort or adverse reactions occur, ensuring a safe and enjoyable experience.

Back 52

Continuous Monitoring

Front 53

Rationale for the use of Massage

Back 53

Mechanical Effects

Reflexive Change

Front 54

Mechanical Effects

Back 54

Vascular change is a clear mechanical effect of massage

Kneading and stroking massage both decrease edema and compression will convert non pitting and pitting edema

Deep massage has an effect on the underlying fascia and deep connective tissues

Front 55

Displaces any fluids that are not chemically bound by the tissue or physically bound by compartmentalization

Back 55

Mechanical pressure on soft tissue

Front 56

After the mobilized fluid leaves the cells or interstitium, it can enter what? these strutures prevent backflow

Back 56

low pressure venous or lymphatic systems

Front 57

Areas are typically worked _____ to ______ and ____ to keep the fluid movement toward the heart and lymphatic drainages of our body

Back 57

distal; proximal; medial

Front 58

TRUE OR FALSE: the amount of fluid mobilized in any one treatment is quite small, and major effects to the heart have not been noted, PTs need to be aware of this physiologic effect in the pt with cardiovascular or renal compromise.

Back 58

TRUE

Front 59

An example of cases where we use the vascular effects of massage

Back 59

Edema in distal extremities

Front 60

Both decrease edema and compression will convert non pitting and pitting edema

Back 60

Kneading and stroking massage

Front 61

Has an effect on the underlying fascia and deep connective tissues

Back 61

deep massage

Front 62

Can help release these restrictions, adhesions, and microscarring

Back 62

Deep Massage

Front 63

Reflexive change

Back 63

Relaxation - Rolfing

Front 64

which incorporates deep friction massage aimed at realigning and balancing the patient’s body relative to the gravitational field.

Back 64

Rolfing

Front 65

TRUE OR FALSE: Relaxation and well-being of massage is not a placebo effect or the result of an undicovered reflex

Back 65

FALSE

Front 66

Indications for therapeutic massage

Back 66

sprains, strains, and fractures

mechanical back pain

contracture

myofascial pain syndromes

flaccid or immobilized limbs

amputations

sympathetic dystrophy

Front 67

reduce adhesions and stiffness, influence formation of collagen fibers

Back 67

sprains, strains, and fractures

Front 68

tight muscles

Back 68

contracture

Front 69

with accompanying tightnss, myoedema, and spasms

Back 69

myofascial pain syndromes

Front 70

usually with stroke patients who has muscle weakness

Back 70

flaccid or immobilized limbs

Front 71

other part of the body has to compensate which could lead to muscle stiffness

Back 71

amputations

Front 72

typically develops after an injury, an surgery, a stroke or a heart attack

Back 72

sympathetic dystrophy

Front 73

Contraindications of therapeutic massage

Back 73

Malignancy, thrombi, atheroschlerotic plaques, and infected tissue

scar tissue that is not fully healed

patients who are anticoagulated

calcified soft tissues

skin grafts

inflamed tissue

atrophic skin

Front 74

either therapeutically or by disease

Back 74

patients who are anticoagulated

Front 75

calcium deposits accumulate in the soft tissues of the body

Back 75

calcified soft tissues

Front 76

transplantation of skin

Back 76

skin grafts

Front 77

thinning tissue that is susceptible to further edema

Back 77

atrophic skin

Front 78

precautions of therapeutic massage

Back 78

chronic pain situations

Front 79

must be approached cautiously by the physiatrist if massage is going to be used. Endpoints must be established before institution of the treatment and treatment must be terminated when they are reached.

Back 79

chronic pain situations

Front 80

Basic western massage procedures

Back 80

Effleurage

Petrissage

Tapotement

Friction

Front 81

Stroking massage; a massage technique that encourages relaxation, blood circulation, and lymph flow

Back 81

Effleurage

Front 82

Kneading massage; a massage technique in which pressure is applied to superficial and deep tissues

Back 82

Petrissage

Front 83

Percussion massage; also known as beating and pounding, is a percussive technique used to produce stimulation

Back 83

Tapotement

Front 84

Deep friction massage; also known as deep friction massage, are localized manipulations performed onto soft tissues with fingers or thumbs

Back 84

Friction

Front 85

also stimulates the lymphatic system. Yung lymphatic system natin, it encourages the waste products to leave the body which is nakakatulong na ma-maintain ang health.

Back 85

Effleurage

Front 86

The most common areas of the body for effleurage or stroking are the

Back 86

arm, back, thigh and calf.

Front 87

helps aid relaxation, reduce stress, post injury and post-surgery.

Back 87

Effleurage

Front 88

massage technique kung saan long, light strokes are used over areas of the body.

Back 88

Effleurage

Front 89

Oil and powder is used to reduce what?

Back 89

Friction b/t hands and the skin

Front 90

If the compressive force on the muscle or yung pagkakadiin ng massage is kept relatively light, this is called

Back 90

Superficial stroke massage

Front 91

if relatively heavy naman or mas madiin

Back 91

deep stroke massage

Front 92

it energizes cutaneous receptors and acts by some neuro reflexive or vascular reflexive mechanism

Back 92

Light stroke

Front 93

more capable of mechanically mobilizing fluids in the tissues sa ilalim nito, including yung muscle, sa direction ng stroke ng therapist

Back 93

Deep stroke

Front 94

TRUE OR FALSE: deep stroking should be in the direction of venous or lymphatic flow, whereas light stroking naman can be in any direction.

Back 94

TRUE

Front 95

a common massage technique used to treat tight muscles, increase flexibility and decrease pain.

Back 95

Kneading

Front 96

commonly ginagamitan ng technique ng kneading

Back 96

neck, shoulder, upper back, lower back, thigh, calf.

Front 97

can be used for high muscle tone, tight muscles and as a relaxation technique.

Back 97

Kneading

Front 98

Physiological effects of kneading

Back 98

Increased capillarisation and vasodilation d/t increased temp in soft tissues

Front 99

also increases tissue elasticity. It increases flexibility ng muscles by increasing muscle tissue elasticity. Iniincrease nito yung tissue elasticity by stretching along the direction of muscle fibres.

Back 99

Kneading

Front 100

involve a series of light, brisk, striking actions applied with clenched fists.

Back 100

Beating and pounding

Front 101

Per motion of beating and pounding (tapotement)

Back 101

three times in 1 second

Front 102

Tapotement is regularly used

Back 102

Larger areas of muscles like thigh, calf, buttock, or upper and lower back

Front 103

Variations of percussion massage

Back 103

Hacking

Slapping

Beating

Tapping

Pincement

Cupping

Front 104

ang ginagamit dito is yung likod ng medial fingers.

Back 104

hacking

Front 105

yung volar surface ng fingers natin, or in layman’s term, yung area ng fingers sa palm of our hand

Back 105

slapping

Front 106

yung hypothenar eminence natin yung ginagamit, or sa madaling salita, yung prominent base ng pinky natin.

Back 106

beating

Front 107

yung tips lang ng fingers yung gagamitin. So basically, para ka lang nagpipiano.

Back 107

tapping

Front 108

parang kukurutin mo very lightly yung skin on contact, using your thumb, index, and middle finger.

Back 108

pincement

Front 109

icucup mo yung palm mo before making an impact. This creates a clapping sound on each impact.

Back 109

Cupping

Front 110

commonly used ng therapists kasi yung low frequency ng sound penetrates sa deep structures, although hindi siya proven.

Back 110

Cupping

Front 111

Can be used pre-event and throughout a training programme. ______ and _______ is effective to prepare muscles for activity and help prevent injuries from occurring. It is commonly used before exercise or sporting events kasi it stimulates the blood and can induce muscle tone, preparing the muscles for activity

Back 111

Beating and pounding

Front 112

Physiological effects on the body of beating and pounding

Back 112

Increased capillarisation

Increased temp

Increased tissue elasticity

Front 113

localised manipulations performed onto soft tissues with fingers or thumbs. Commonly used siya to treat ligaments, tendons, fascia and muscles. It can be applied transversely across soft tissue structures or in a circular movement

Back 113

Friction or deep friction massage

Front 114

can be applied with deep or superficial pressure depende sa desired outcome mo. Pwede rin siyang gamitin para maincrease yung local circulation and para mapromote ang healing.

Back 114

Frictions

Front 115

Where friction is usually used in the body

Back 115

jaw, shoulder, arm, hand, and foot

Front 116

Benefits of friction

Back 116

Increased ROM

increased healing and decreased pain

treat tight and restricted tisues

increased temp of soft tissues, breaking down and realigning collagen fibres and increasing tissue elasticity

improve healing