Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
contracture |
abnormal shortening of muscle or joint or both, fibrosis |
|
|
ankylosis |
premanent fixation of a joint and stiffness |
|
|
osteoporosis |
significant loss of bone mass and strength with increased risk of fracture |
|
|
osteoarthritis |
degenerative joint disease characterized by destruction of the articular cartilage and overgrowth of bone |
|
|
rheumatoid arthritis occurs most often in |
elderly, women |
|
|
rheumatoid arthritis is what kind of disease |
systemic disease |
|
|
rheumatoid arthritis affects what kind of tissue? |
connective tissue |
|
|
rheumatoid arthritis leads to |
deformities and disabilities |
|
|
osteomyelitis describes |
any infection of the bone |
|
|
symptoms of osteomyelitis |
tissue inflammation edema formation decreased blood flow to bone bone necrosis |
|
|
who is at risk for osteomyelitis |
poorly nourished elderly obese impaired immune system chronic illness long term corticosteriod therapy trauma surgery-usually within 30 days |
|
|
soft tissue injuries |
contusions strains sprains (avulsion fractures) subluxation dislocation |
|
|
contusion |
soft tissue injury caused by blunt force = rupture of small blood vessels |
|
|
sTrains |
stretching or tearing of muscle or Tendon or both from overuse, overstretching or excessive stress |
|
|
strains are classified as |
1st degree- mild or slightly pulled muscle 2nd degree- moderately pulled 3rd degree- severely pulled |
|
|
sprain |
injury to ligament surrounding the joint, causing instability of the joint. most common in ankles and wrists |
|
|
sprains are classified as |
1st degree (mild)- few fibres have been stretched or torn. mild tenderness and slight swelling
2nd degree (moderate)- partial disruption of the ligament. some fibres are completely torn
3rd degree (severe)- complete tear. very painful, result of instability of joint |
|
|
avulsion fracture |
bone fragment is pulled loose. treated like soft tissue injury unless bone fragment is several cm from its original position, then requires surgery |
|
|
treatment of soft tissue injury*** rice |
RICE rest-prevents further damage ice- vasoconstricion. 20-30 min for first 24-48hr compression- elastic bandage elevation-above heart level
|
|
|
treatment of soft tissue injury*** heat |
heat- applied intermittenly after 24-48 hours |
|
|
treatment of soft tissue injury*** progressive exercise |
usually started day 2-5, depending on degree
several tears may been immobilization for 1-3 weeks |
|
|
treatment of soft tissue injury*** splinting |
sometimes, to prevent re-injury |
|
|
dislocation (definition) |
joint comes out of socket |
|
|
traumatic dislocation |
an orthopedic emergency nerve palsy and avascular necrosis can occur if blood and nerves are impeded for too long |
|
|
signs and symptoms of dislocation/traumatic dislocation *** |
pain, change in joint contour, abnormal mobility, change in length of extremity, rotation of extremity, loss of normal ROM |
|
|
subluxation |
partial or imcomplete displacement of the joint surface. manifestation is similar to dislocation but less severe |
|
|
TREATMENT OF DISLOCATIONS AND SUBLUXATION** reduction definition |
(immobilize joint**) physician realigns the joint in its original anatomic position.
|
|
|
TREATMENT OF DISLOCATIONS AND SUBLUXATION** open reduction |
incision made to manipulate structures directly
|
|
|
TREATMENT OF DISLOCATIONS AND SUBLUXATION** closed reduction |
skin remains intact |
|
|
TREATMENT OF DISLOCATIONS AND SUBLUXATION** immobilization |
immobilize extremity with bandages, splints, casts, tape or traction after it is reduced |
|
|
TREATMENT OF DISLOCATIONS AND SUBLUXATION** ROM |
Gentle and progressive ROM and exercises begun when joint is stable |
|
|
TREATMENT OF DISLOCATIONS AND SUBLUXATION** nursing |
pain relief, protection or injured joint, activity restriction monitor neurovascular status (7 p's) |
|
|
rotator cuff injuries definition |
muscle or tendons which stabilize the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity sustains a tear |
|
|
nursing interventions for rotator cuff injuries*** |
NSAIDS Physical therapy Sling support Ice-heat applications Surgery---sling for several weeks--pendulum exercises |
|
|
fracture definition |
a break in the continuity of the structure of the bone.
|
|
|
types of fractures |
incomplete complete comminuted closed or simple open or compound |
|
|
compressed fracture definition |
a fracture where the bone is compressed. thoracic and lumbar spin, neck and intertrochanter of the femur are common locations |
|
|
manifestations of fracture |
pain loss of function deformity shortening of extremity popping sounds (crepitus) local swelling and discolouration |
|
|
emergency management for fracture splinting |
joints distal and proximal to the suspected fracture site must be supported and immobilized |
|
|
emergency management for fracture open fracture |
cover with sterile dressing to prevent contamination |
|
|
emergency management for fracture for all fractures |
immobilize body part assess neurovascular status before and after splinting do not attempt to reduce the fracture |
|
|
medical management (fractures) reduction |
physician restores bone fragments to anatomical alignment and rotation (closed, open) |
|
|
medical management (fractures) immobilization |
by internal or external fixation |
|
|
medical management (fractures) open fractures |
require treatment to prevent infection |
|
|
nursing management of the patient with a simple fracture
assessment |
include neurovascular assessment, pain, activity limitations, patient knowledge and home environment and support |
|
|
nursing management of the patient with a simple fracture
goal |
is to have patient return to usual activities as soon as possible |
|
|
nursing management of the patient with a simple fracture
patient teaching |
is a primary intervention as the patient will usually be cared for in the home setting |
|
|
7 p's |
pallor pain puffiness paralysis paresthesia pulselessness polar (temp) |
|
|
immobilization of fractures
cast (definition, uses, materials) |
a rigid external immobilizing device
-immobilize a reduced fracture -correction -apply uniform pressure to soft tissues -provide support to stabilize a joint
synthetic, plaster |
|
|
cast care |
keep clean,and dry. do not scratch or stick anything under cast |
|
|
positioning of cast |
elevation of extremity; use sling |
|
|
patient must report _______with cast |
pain, swelling, changes in sensation, movement, skin color, temp, signs of infection |
|
|
immobilization of fractures traction |
application of pulling force to a part of the body to provide reduction, alignment, and rest. |
|
|
types of traction |
skin- involves use of velcro boot, belt or halter skeletal- used for longer time (pins/wires in bone) brace- device exerts a pull for correction of alignment deformities |
|
|
complications of fractures
compartment syndrome |
pressure within a myofascial compartment is elevated and puts pressure on the nerves and blood vessels within it.
|
|
|
symptoms and prevention of compartment syndrome |
pain, ischemia, parethesia. color changes and decrease pulse.
must elevate extremity above heart level |
|
|
complications of fractures fat embolism |
fat globules released into blood stream after fracture of long bones or pelvis, or multiple fractures or crush injuries.
symptoms: hypoxia, tachypnea, tachycardia, fever |
|
|
complications of fractures DVT |
Risk greater in older adults, obese, smokers, heart disease |
|
|
complications of fractures infection |
implanted hardware, wound from trauma, osteomyelitis from open fractures |
|
|
complications of fractures avascular necrosis |
disrupted blood supply to bone, resulting in bone death common in hip fractures |
|
|
complications of fractures delayed union, non union, malunion |
not healed within 6 months of injury
caused by infection, poor nutrition, diabetes |
|
|
complications of fractures fracture blisters |
associated with twisting injury of lower extremities |
|
|
needs of patients after hip or knee replacement |
mobility and ambulation drain prevent infection prevent dvt patient teaching and rehab/physio |
|
|
post op precautions knee |
compression dressing day 1- quad exercises prior to discharge- progress to straight leg lifts, ROM, knee flexion of 90 degrees, full weight bearing. |
|
|
amputation complications |
hemorrhage, infection, phantom limb pain, immobility, neuroma, |
|
|
diagnostic tests for ms |
xray bone scan arthroscopy electromyography |
