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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Soft tissue injuries include
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sprains
strains dislocations subluxations |
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How does a sprain develop
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develops from stretching or tearing of the LIGAMENT by force movement beyond normal range
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How deoes a strain develop
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develops from streching, tearing or forceful contraction of MUSCLE beyond its functional capacity
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What acute interventions should the nurse implement for a soft tissue injury
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R.I.C.E - ice per application should not exceede 30 min, allow 15 min btw applications, compression leave on for 30 min, remove for 15, elevate affected limb above level of heart
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What teaching should the nurse implement to promote health and prevent soft tissue injuries?
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Importance of strecthing, warm up, Exercise- balance, weight bearing, endurance
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What should the nurse teach the patient about home care of a soft tissue injury?
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mild analgesics PRN pain
Ice during the actue phase 24-48 hrs. After acute phase, warm moist heat may be applied to affect part to reduce swelling and provide comfort |
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What is a dislocation and what is a clinical sign of dislocation?
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Severe injury to the ligament structures that surround a joint
Asymmetry of muscle contour and Deformity |
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Typical clinical manifestation of a dislocated hip
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the limb is
shorter on the affected side externally rotated- can be noted by observing the pt. lying in bed, bottom foot on the affected side lays at an angle |
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What is Carpel Tunnel Syndrome
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Compression of the median nerve beneath the carpal ligament.
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Clinical manifestations of Carpel Tunnel syndrome include
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weakness, more profound in the thumb
burning pain impaired sensation numbness/tingling- may awaken pt. at night clumsiness in performing fine hand movements |
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Diagnostic tests for Carpel Tunnel syndrome
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PHALEN'S TEST and +TINEL'S Sign
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How do you perform the phalen's test
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Holding the wrists for 60 seconds produces tingling and numbness over the distribution of the median nerve aka... the PALMAR surface thumb, index, middle & part of the ring finger
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How do you test for a Tinel's sign
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Tapping gently over the volar aspect of the wrist ( area of inflamed median nerve) may reproduce parasthesia. +Tinel's sign
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What is the McMurrays test
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Test used in suspicion of meniscus injury. + McMurray's test would be pain elicited by flexion, internal rotation, and then extension of the knee
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Precipitating factors of Bursitis
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Improper body mechanics
repetitive kneeling jogging in worn out shoes prolonged sitting with legs crossed |
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What is the drop arm test used for
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Rotator cuff injury test
The drop arm test in which the arm falls suddenly after the pt. is asked to slowly lower the arm to the side after it has been abducted 90 degrees + sign of injury to the rotator cuff |
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Fractures are described and classified according to
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CLASSIFIED BY
- type - communication or non-communication with external environment - anatomic location of the fracture of involved bone DESCRIBED AS Stable or Unstable Open or Closed (simple) |
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Define a stable fracture and common types of stable fractures
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A stable fracture occurs when a piece of the periosteum is intact across the fracture, internal/external rotation rendered the fracture stable.
TYPES: transverse, spiral or greenstick |
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What is an unstable fracture and common types
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an unstable fracture is grossly displaced during injury and is a site of poor fixation.
TYPES: communuted, oblique |
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Assessment finding with a fracture
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- Pain/ muscle spasm
- edema - bruising - loss of function - Crepitation/ Abnormal motion - Neurovascular assessment distal from fracture site, dec. cap. refill |
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With an acute fracture what signs and symptoms must be reported immediately?
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- excessive pain
- pain with passive stretch of the muscles of the affected limb - pallor - pulselessness - parasthesia - paralysis These signs could indicate COMPARTMENT SYNDROME |
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What is traction?
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Applying pulling force on the fractured extremity while counteraction pulls in the opposite direction
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purpose of traction is to..
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- prevent or reduce muscle spasm
- Immobilize a joint or part of body - reduce a fracture or dislocation - treat a pathologic joint condition - expand a joint space during arthescopic procedures |
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When would skin traction be used for a fracture
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Skin traction is generally used for short term, 48-72 hrs., until skeletal traction or surgery is possible.
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Describe the use of Buck's traction
USED IN FRACTURES OF HIP, FEMUR, KNEE & BACK |
Buck's traction...skin traction, is initially used to temporarily immobilize, provide relief of pain from muscle spasms. KEEP FREE weights hanging at all times!
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