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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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motor control definition
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-the ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement
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3 major factors influencing movement
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-task being performed
-environmental demands -individual's capability |
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individual factors influence movement
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-action
-perception -cognition |
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perception
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-detection and integration of sensory info into meaningful info
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sensory info includes
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-vision
-proprioception -mass -position of body |
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cognitive processes
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-essential to motor control and underlie the intent or goals of movement
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cognitive processes include
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-attention
-planning -problem solving -motivation -emotion -memory |
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what determines movement
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-nature of task being performed
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tasks (Categorzied by function)
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-bed mobility
-transfers -ADLs -instrumental activities of daily living (cooking, traveling, etc) |
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stability
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-BOS is not moving (sitting, static standing)
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mobility
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-BOS is moving (walking, running)
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manipulation
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-increases demand for stability during task
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reflex theory
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-Sherrington
-reflexes are stereotyped responses to sensory input -reflexes are basis fro all movement -chain of reflexes @ spinal, brain stem, and cortical levels result in normal movement |
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limitations of reflex theory
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-movement does not require a stimulus
-movements can be too fast for reflexes -reflexes can be over-ridden -does not explain feedforward control -does not explain novel movements |
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Hierarchical Control theory
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-Hughlings Jackson
-control of movement is organized hierarchically -normal movements are driven by motor programs that specify muscle activation patterns -reflexes only dominate after injury to higher centers |
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Systems Theory
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-Bernstein
-incorporated ideas about internal and external forces -incorporates ideas about motor programs -initial conditions affect movements -many degrees of freedom to be controlled -muscles activated in syngergies for coordinated movement to occur |
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dynamic systems theory
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-evolved from systems theory to include concepts of nonlinear dynamics
-patterns of movement behavior emerge from interaction of multiple subsystems -patterns have certain characterisitics |
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certain characteristics of patterns of movement
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-preferred movement patterns
-highly stable behaviors (attractors) -unstable behaviors |
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limitations of dynamical systems theory
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-lessens importance of NS in resulting movement control
-terminology is unique to approach -nonlinear dynamics are difficult for most to grasp -w/o context it is hard to determine if changes in variability represent a decline in function or part of a transition to a new stable behavior |
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task oriented approach
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-incorporates CNS and newer motor control theories
-normal movement emerges from interaction of different systems -functional goals and environmental conditions play a major role in determining movement -assumes NS is continually and dynamically adapting to its environment |
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role of PT in task-oriented approach
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-practice ability to achieve task goals
-teach motor problem solving -learn strategies to coordinate efficient and effective behaviors -resolve, reduce or prevent impairments -develop effective and efficient compensatory strategies when necessary -use MS and environmental constraints |
