Theories Of Behaviorism

Front 1

Sensitization

Back 1

The stimulus illicits a stronger response as time goes on - Chinese water torture

Front 2

Habituation

Back 2

The stimulus illicits a weaker response over time - constant noise

Front 3

Why do we operationalize behavior?

Back 3

So we know exactly what we're studying and others can copy us

Front 4

What is counter conditioning?

Back 4

Reversing the learned response by pairing an opposite CS with a CR, so a positive CS to a negative CR to make it a positive CR - give Albert candy with a white rabbit

Front 5

Precipitating event

Back 5

An event that finally drives a client to seek therapy, can be good or bad

Front 6

Positive punishment

Back 6

Adding something negative to reduce a behavior

Front 7

Negative punishment

Back 7

Taking something good away to reduce a behavior

Front 8

What is renewal

Back 8

A return to the environment causes a CR to return from extinction

Front 9

What is reinstatement

Back 9

The return of a CR because the event (CS) happened again

Front 10

What is premack principle

Back 10

Increase a desired behavior by pairing it with something positive after the desired behavior is completed -pizza after carrots

Front 11

Describe milgrim study

Back 11

Blind obedience to authority - participant shocks someone with enough voltage to harm, "I'm doing my job"

Front 12

Describe the zimbardo study

Back 12

Prison experiment, both wardens and prisoners immediately accepted their roles and did things they wouldn't normally have done

Front 13

Describe the Bobo doll experiment

Back 13

Bandura- children copied what they saw and beat up a Bobo doll if they saw an adult do it first

Front 14

What is extinction

Back 14

When the conditioned response goes away

Front 15

What is spontaneous recovery

Back 15

When the conditioned response returns after extinction

Front 16

Why is it possible to OD in a new environment on a dosage you've always used?

Back 16

Because of priming- your body prepares itself for the dosage when you enter the familiar environment but a new place doesn't have the same effect so it isn't prepared

Front 17

What is the Hawthorne effect

Back 17

Adjusting your behavior when you know you're being studied

Front 18

What is the locus of control

Back 18

Where you base control of what happens you you. Internal = you're in charge of your own fate, external = everything happens to ME, boohoo

Front 19

What are the three components of becks triad?

Back 19

Self, world, future

Front 20

According to beck, what is the highest indicator of suicide

Back 20

Hopelessness

Front 21

Who was Gloria

Back 21

Patient who had self-sabotaging thoughts, she demonstrated a client in CBT, Mindfulness, and DBT

Front 22

What is a maintaining factor

Back 22

Something that maintain the behavior

Front 23

What is a conditioned stimulus

Back 23

Something you've learned through associations to respond to in a certain way

Front 24

What is an unconditioned stimulus

Back 24

Something neutral to you, no particular association

Front 25

What is generalization

Back 25

Taking a learned association and applying it to a wide population, like all things white for Albert

Front 26

What is positive reinforcement

Back 26

Adding something good to increase a behavior

Front 27

What is negative reinforcement

Back 27

Taking something bad away to increase a behavior

Front 28

What is shaping

Back 28

Rewarding little by little when they get close to the desired behavior

Front 29

What is extinction burst

Back 29

When you try to extinguish a behavior but it increases instead

Front 30

What is continuous reinforcement

Back 30

Rewarding for every completed behavior

Front 31

What is intermittent reinforcement

Back 31

Rewarding not every time, but staggered

Front 32

What is covert sensitization

Back 32

Imagining exposure to the worst case scenario, so it doesn't seem so bad

Front 33

Which training leads to conditioned inhibition?

Back 33

Backwards conditioning

Front 34

Who developed learned helplessness?

Back 34

Martin Seligman

Front 35

Who developed positive psychology

Back 35

Martin Seligman

Front 36

What are prompts

Back 36

Stimuli used to start or stop, or direct behavior

Front 37

What is taste aversion

Back 37

Conditioned to experience positive or negative emotion by taste

Front 38

What are superstitious behaviors

Back 38

Behaviors you do in hopes it will make something happen, even though it doesn't make sense

Front 39

Describe the ash conformity experiment

Back 39

People will conform to doing wrong things just to go along with the group, not be the odd man out, look foolish, etc

Front 40

Who started cognitive dissonance

Back 40

Leon Festinger

Front 41

What is cognitive dissonance

Back 41

When your actions contradict your values and beliefs

Front 42

Becks 3 levels of beliefs

Back 42

Automatic, intermitent, and core

Front 43

What are the ABC's of therapy?

Back 43

Antecedents, Behaviors, Consequences

Front 44

What is chaining

Back 44

Rewarding for completion of specific steps in a behavior

Front 45

What are the six components of ACT?

Back 45

Mindfulness, values, acceptance, defusion, committed action, and self as context

Front 46

What mindfulness?

Back 46

Non-judgmental present focused awareness

Front 47

What are the components of DBT?

Back 47

Distress tolerance, mindfulness, emotional regulation, and interpersonal relations

Front 48

What are safety behaviors

Back 48

Behaviors we do to make us feel safe, security blanket or thumbsucking

Front 49

When do you get rewarded on a fixed ratio schedule?

Back 49

Every single time you do the behavior

Front 50

When do you get rewarded on a fixed interval schedule

Back 50

At the same point in time, not when you do the behavior - payday every week

Front 51

When do you get rewarded on a variable ratio schedule

Back 51

When you do the behavior, but you don't know how many times you have to do it - slot machine

Front 52

When do you get rewarded on a variable interval schedule

Back 52

At a specific point in time, but you don't know when

Front 53

With oldie reinforcement from previously reinforced behavior will result in:

Back 53

Extinction burst

Front 54

What is DRO?

Back 54

Differential reinforcement of other behavior - reinforce for absence of behavior for specific time periods

Front 55

what is DRA?

Back 55

Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior - reinforce after alternative behavior that is SIMILAR to desired behavior

Front 56

What is chaining

Back 56

Reinforce individual behavior closer and closer to goal "piece by piece"

Front 57

What is all or nothing thinking?

Back 57

Black and white thinking, "either I'm perfect or I fail"

Front 58

What is overgeneralizing?

Back 58

Seeing a pattern based on a single event and applying it to everything "everything is always rubbish "

Front 59

What is the mental filter

Back 59

Only attending to certain pieces of evidence, noticing failures but not successes

Front 60

What is disqualifying the positive?

Back 60

Discounting good things that happen

Front 61

What is cue elimination

Back 61

Avoidiny, escaping, or eliminating environmental cues

Front 62

What is cue modification

Back 62

If you can't avoid it, modify it. Instead of junk food, have healthy snacks

Front 63

What is the bystander effect

Back 63

Assumption that someone else will handle the situation, you're just a face in a crowd

Front 64

What are the 2 types of reinforcement

Back 64

Intrinsic and extrinsic

Front 65

What are intrinsic motivators

Back 65

Autonomy, sense of belonging, learning, meaning, love

Front 66

What are extrinsic motivators

Back 66

Badges, competition, money, points, rewards, fear of punishment or failure

Front 67

What is ABA

Back 67

Applied behavior analysis - uses learning and motivation to teach

Front 68

What is MBSR

Back 68

Mindful based stress reduction

Front 69

Who developed MBSR?

Back 69

Jon Kabat-Zinn

Front 70

What is MBCT?

Back 70

Mindfulness based cognitive therapy

Front 71

Who developed self compassion

Back 71

Kristen neff

Front 72

What is an example of an automatic thought

Back 72

I can't do it

Front 73

What is an example of an intermittent thought?

Back 73

If I'm overweight, no one will love me

Front 74

What is an example of a core belief

Back 74

I am unlovable

Front 75

Difference between direct and indirect observation

Back 75

Direct is viewing the behavior first hand, indirect is reported or measured by someone else

Front 76

Difference between primary and secondary reinforcement

Back 76

Primary are basic needs, secondary are things you've *learned* to enjoy

Front 77

Pavlovian instrument of transference

Back 77

A CS influences the rate of behavior if it's presented while the person is doing the behavior

Front 78

Give an example of conditioned inhibition

Back 78

Metronome AFTER food means metronome = no more food

Front 79

Establishing operations

Back 79

Increasing intensity of reward or punishment to further motivate behavior

Front 80

Abolishing operations

Back 80

Reducing effectiveness of a punishment or reward

Front 81

What does evidence testing do?

Back 81

Tests validity of clients evidence

Front 82

What is REBT and who created it?

Back 82

Rational emotive behavioral therapy, Albert Ellis

Front 83

Who developed DBT?

Back 83

Marsha Linehan

Front 84

What is a discriminant stimulus

Back 84

a stimulus, associated with reinforcement, that exerts control over a particular form of behavior; the subject discriminates between closely related stimuli and responds positively only in the presence of that stimulus.