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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are theories?
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collections of concepts about some real-world area of concern or interest which facilitate explaining, predicting, or intervening
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What are two actions of theories?
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explain why and how things occur as they do predict what is going to happen given the way things are |
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What are the three elements of successful aging?
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Minimize risk of disease and disability Maintain physical and cognitive function Continue engagement with life |
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What enhance successful aging? |
social connections
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What was the Kansas City Panel Study? (4)
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5.5 years series of five interviews multiple measures (Thematic Apperception Tests and participant observation) 279 persons (white, healthy, middle class) |
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Which theory of aging was the Kansas City Panel Study researching?
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disengagement theory
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Which theory of aging found a decline in role count, interaction index, and social lifespace? |
disengagement theory
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What is role count? |
number of active relationships
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What is interaction index?
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amount of day interacting with others
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What is social lifespace?
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composite measure of interactions over time
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Which theory of aging found an increase in authoritarianism?
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disengagement theory
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What is authoritarianism? |
rigidity
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Which theory of aging found an increase and then decrease in religious piety? |
disengagement theory
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Which theory of aging found an alienation from dominant world view? |
disengagement theory
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What is alienation from dominant world view? |
freedom from societal norms
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Which theory of aging found a decline in ego energy?
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disengagement theory
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Which theory of aging found progressive interiorization?
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disengagement theory
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Which theory of aging found a change from instrumental to socioemotional roles? Was this more apparent in men or women?
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disengagement theory men |
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What is aging viewed as in disengagement theory? |
preparation for death
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What is an inevitable process in which many of the relationships between a person and other members of society are severed, and those remaining are altered in quality? |
disengagement
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What kind of developmental stage is disengagement according to disengagement theory?
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natural
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What is the withdrawal of the individual from society and society from the individual, according to disengagement theory? |
mutually satisfying
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What is the mechanism of disengagement theory for men? Women? |
Permission to disengage is provided by retirement for men and widowhood for women.
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Which theory of aging is rationalized because of the mortality of men (all men eventually die), thus society must outlive individual members and power must be transferred from older members to younger?
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disengagement theory
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Which theory of aging is rationalized because probability death will occur increases and at some point there's no reason to rely on services of those who are about to die? |
disengagement theory
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Which theory of aging is rationalized because it is profitable for society to phase out those whose possible contributions are outweighed by the possible disruption of their deaths? |
disengagement theory
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What is successful aging according to disengagement theory?
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smooth transition from engaged to disengaged status
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What was activity theory originally known as? |
implicit theory of aging
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Which theory of aging says aging is not developmentally distinctive? |
activity theory
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Which theory of aging says norms of old age are the same as for middle age? |
activity theory
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What is successful aging according to activity theory? (2) |
ability to substitute activities (e.g. church work for job etc.) ability to be as much like a middle-aged person as possible |
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What is the rationale for activity theory? |
denial of aging and mortality
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What theory of aging is supported by admiration of active aged (youth culture)? |
activity theory
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What theory of aging is supported by the desire and propensity of old people to think of themselves as middle-aged? |
activity theory
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Which theory of aging uses a life course perspective to define normal aging as involving continuity between past, present and future? |
continuity theory
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What is a remembered structure such as the persistence of a psychic structure of ideas, temperament, affect, experiences, preferences, dispositions and skills? |
internal continuity
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What is connected to past performance and manifests in sustained activities, environments, roles and relationships between middle age and old age? |
external continuity
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What is considered an adaptive strategy in continuity theory? |
maintaining continuity
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Which theory is focused on older adults constituting a distinctive population of society? |
subculture theory
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What are the two primary elements of a subculture? |
sharing of similar interests, problems, and concerns shared exclusion from participation in wider society |
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Which theory of aging is based on micro-economic theory?
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exchange theory
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Which theory of aging is sometimes used to explain why older people may withdraw from social interaction? |
exchange theory
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Which theory of aging has the basic premise that relationships are viewed as most satisfactory when both participants are contributing equally to a relationship?
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exchange theory
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Which theory of aging suggestions that in old age maintaining relationships may be a struggle for older adults as their resources decline? |
exchange theory
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What are the two basic problems with exchange theory?
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ignores non-economic exchanges (love, companionship, wisdom) only focuses on immediate exchanges rather than deferred exchanges (viewed over the life) |
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What does social credit involve? |
accumulation of good deeds done during an early phase of life that can be redeemed later on in life (or perhaps even in an afterlife)
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Which type of theories look at individuals? |
microtheories
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Which type of theories look at societal groups and what are these groups called? |
macrotheories, strata
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Are disengagement theory, activity theory, continuity theory, subculture theory, and exchange theory macro- or microtheories?
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micro-
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What does age stratification theory apply to? |
age and cohort effect
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What are the three main age strata?
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young people middle years later years |
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What are cohorts? |
generations
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What do cohorts share?
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specific set of values and expectations
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How do cohorts apply to age strata?
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Each has its own period of early, middle, and later years.
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How has society not kept up with the longevity of humans and the needs of older adults?
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It's evident in public policies and cultural practices. We still expect Social Security/retirement age around 65, but people are living 10-20-30 years longer. Consider a person coming to college at age 70. They couldn't, the environment isn't accessible to older persons even if they are in good health.
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What is age segregated theory?
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Each phase of life is characterized by certain life experiences. Early years are for education; middle years, work; and later years, leisure.
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What is age integrated theory and which two microtheories does it link?
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Life experiences (education, work, leisure) happen all throughout life at every stage. continuity and activity theories |
