Theology Exam 2

Front 1

What passages demonstrate that Jewish doctrine is thoroughly monotheistic?

Back 1

1) Exodus 20:3
2) Deuteronomy 6:4

Front 2

What is Deuteronomy 6:4 also called?

Back 2

the Shema

Front 3

What is the name of God in the Old Testament that is used in the plural?

Back 3

Elohim

Front 4

What are the four verses that use plural verb forms with a reference to God in the Old Testament?

Back 4

1) Genesis 1:26
2) Genesis 3:22
3) Genesis 11:7
4) Isaiah 6:8

Front 5

What are the seven angel of the Lord passages mentioned in class?

Back 5

1) Genesis 16
2) Genesis 22
3) Genesis 31:11
4) Genesis 32
5) Genesis 48
6) Judges 13
7) Hosea 12:3-5

Front 6

In Genesis 16, what is the story?

Back 6

The Angel of the Lord promises Hagar that her offspring will be multiplied and she recognizes the Angel as God.

Front 7

In Genesis 32, what is the story?

Back 7

Jacob wrestles with the Angel of the Lord and says that he has seen God face to face and his life has been delivered.

Front 8

What is the Angel of the Lord referred to in Hosea 12:3-5?

Back 8

God, YHWH, God of hosts

Front 9

What is the Angel of the Lord sometimes identified as?

Back 9

a Christophany

Front 10

In Isaiah 6:1, God is used as a reference to monotheism but there is also a reference to what?

Back 10

a divine servant who is referenced in "god-terms" but is also a man

Front 11

What New Testament passages affirm that the Father is God?

Back 11

1) John 6:27
2) 1 Peter 1:2

Front 12

What six New Testament passages affirm that the Son is God?

Back 12

1) John 1
2) John 5:18
3) John 10:30
4) Philippians 2
5) Colossians 1
6) Hebrews 1

Front 13

What is Jesus spoken of in Philippians 2?

Back 13

As though he is in the form of God or is in very nature God

Front 14

That Jesus didn't clutch to his divinity and emptied himself is a reference back to what Old Testament scriptures?

Back 14

Isaiah 52 & 53

Front 15

What is Paul referring to in Philippians 2?

Back 15

The way in which we ought to relate to one another in the context of the church

Front 16

In John 1, what does the author say about everything that was made?

Back 16

Everything that was made was made by God

Front 17

In John 1, what is a light a signal of?

Back 17

God coming to save

Front 18

What are the four things John 1 say about the Son?

Back 18

1) He is divine
2) He is the creator
3) He is the one who gives life
4) He is the one who saves

Front 19

What is Hebrews 1 a reflection on?

Back 19

The Christ who is the savior

Front 20

What two passages demonstrate that the Spirit is God?

Back 20

1) Acts 5:3-4
2) 1 Corinthians 3:16

Front 21

In what way is the Spirit present?

Back 21

Not just in an individual manner but also corporately

Front 22

What are the three elements involved in the Messianic Passages?

Back 22

1) Unity
2) Distinction
3) Divinity

Front 23

What are the eleven New Testament trinitarian references?

Back 23

1) Matthew 28:19
2) John
3) 1 Corinthians 12:4-6
4) 2 Corinthians 13:13
5) Galatians 3:11-14
6) Galatians 4:6
7) Ephesians 2:11-22
8) Ephesians 3:14-21
9) 2 Thessalonians 2:13-14
10) Titus 3:4-6
11) 1 Peter 1:1-2

Front 24

In John, what three things do we see that represent a triadic structure?

Back 24

1) Unity of Father & Son
2) Coactivity of Father, Son, & Spirit
3) Distinction in the Godhead

Front 25

In Romans, what three things do we see that represent a triadic structure?

Back 25

1) God's judgment on Gentiles & Jews (1:18-3:20)
2) Justification by faith in Christ (3:21-8:1)
3) Life in the Spirit (8:2-30)

Front 26

What do we see in Ephesians about the triadic structure?

Back 26

Living empowered by the triune God who fills. Also called Trinitarian Fullness

Front 27

What are the two words meaning one indivisible essence?

Back 27

1) ousia
2) esentia

Front 28

What are the three words that mean three indivisible persons or subsistencies?

Back 28

1) hypostase
2) prosopa
3) personae

Front 29

How is the divine essence shared?

Back 29

coequally by each of the three persons and they are coeternal

Front 30

In what three ways is the trinity marked by an order of relations?

Back 30

1) Jesus being sent by the Father
2) The father saying at the Baptism, "This is my son."
3) The Spirit coming upon Christ

Front 31

What are the three stages we may trace the contours of Trinitarian doctrine?

Back 31

1) Development
2) Demise
3) Retrieval

Front 32

How does this doctrine begin?

Back 32

With a clear commitment to biblical monotheism

Front 33

How does it develop?

Back 33

Along the lines of both Christological and Pneumatological questions

Front 34

What are the three components to Justin Martyr's Logos Christology?

Back 34

1) Christ as Reason of God
2) Agent of creation
3) Incarnate of Jesus

Front 35

What did Irenaeus' term oivkonomi refer to?

Back 35

the economy of salvation

Front 36

What did Tertullian refer to the Son as?

Back 36

persona

Front 37

What about the Godhead?

Back 37

trinitas

Front 38

What is the processio of Holy Spirit?

Back 38

the technical language used in the Nicene Creed

Front 39

What does substantia mean?

Back 39

Father, Son and Spirit are "of one substance."

Front 40

What does Tertullian argue about substance?

Back 40

It is what unites the three aspects of the economy of salvation

Front 41

What does Tertullian argue about person?

Back 41

That is what distinguishes them

Front 42

What is the question Origen attempts to answer?

Back 42

How can the son have no beginning and yet still remain a son?

Front 43

What is the heresy known as Monarchianism?

Back 43

Concerned to preserve the unity of God, or the monarchy (monarchia).

Front 44

What is the heresy known as dynamic monarchiansim?

Back 44

They want to preserve the unity of God and avoid the conception of God as incarnate; this position tends to be isolated and is highly rationalistic.

Front 45

How does dynamic monarchianism portray Jesus?

Back 45

as a man with special power from God who is adopted as God's Son.

Front 46

What does dynamic monarchianism sacrifice?

Back 46

The deity of Christ to preserve monarchy of God.

Front 47

What is the heresy known as modalistic monarchiansim?

Back 47

They hold that the three persons are simply different modes in which the one God has revealed himself. Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are merely names that describe God’s ways of working in the creation.

Front 48

What does modalistic monarchianism sacrifice?

Back 48

the personhood of the Son and the Spirit in order to preserve monarchy of God.

Front 49

What is the heresy known as arianism?

Back 49

Son is not eternally begotten, but is the first-begotten and is pre-existent. Begetting is creating; so, “there was when he was not.” Arius believed the Father and Son to be distinct and of a different nature. The Logos is not an emanation of deity, he is a creature, but one who develops into deity and one whom man should worship.

Front 50

What is the spiritual-moral concern that Brown notes about arianism?

Back 50

“Christ does not possess deity by nature, but develops into it by virtue of his constant and growing moral unity with God. He is our Savior in that he presents us with divine truth and furnishes the perfect example of commitment to good”

Front 51

What is the philosophical-theological concern that Brown notes about arianism?

Back 51

“the contrast between the One who is utterly transcendent, God, and the world of created things”

Front 52

What two councils condemned Arius?

Back 52

1) Nicaea (325 AD)
2) Constantinople (381 AD)

Front 53

Why was the Council of Nicaea called?

Back 53

To settle the dispute between Alexander, Bishop of Alexandria, and Arius, a presbyter of district of Baucalis in Alexandria).

Front 54

What was at issue at the Council of Nicaea?

Back 54

Whether the Son was homoousios (same as the Father) or homoiousios (like the Father).

Front 55

Who emerges as the defender of the Orthodox position?

Back 55

Athanasius

Front 56

What is the idea that Gregory of Nyssa introduces?

Back 56

perichoresis or circumincessio or "mutual interpretation"

Front 57

What does this describe?

Back 57

The way in which the three hypostases are related to one another

Front 58

What do the Cappadocians clarify?

Back 58

The distinction between ousia and hypostases in order to explain how one substance can exist simultaneously in three persons

Front 59

Who speaks of one ousia and three hypostases in the Godhead?

Back 59

Basil

Front 60

What do the Cappadocians consistently maintain?

Back 60

The doctrine of divine simplicity or the indivisibility of the Godhead

Front 61

In what work does Augustine give expression of the doctrine?

Back 61

De Trinitate

Front 62

What does Augustine stress?

Back 62

Unity of the Godhead

Front 63

How does Augustine see the Spirit?

Back 63

As the mutual love of Father and Son, so the Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son.

Front 64

What is Schleiermacher's view of the trinity?

Back 64

Since the doctrine is not apprehended through religious consciousness, it is moved to the end of theology. While Schleiermacher thinks the doctrine does not make a great deal of sense, he does admit that it is the “coping-stone of Christian doctrine."

Front 65

What is Barth's view of the trinity?

Back 65

We can only speak about the God who revealed himself to us and the God who revealed Himself to us is the triune God.

Front 66

What is Rahner's thesis?

Back 66

“The economic Trinity is the immanent Trinity and the immanent Trinity is the economic Trinity.”

Front 67

What are the four things the church has said about the Trinity?

Back 67

1) Not Tritheism
2) Not Modalism
3) Not a deficient Christology
4) Not a deficient Pneumatology

Front 68

What three things does the church communicate to others about the trinity?

Back 68

1) Demonstrate biblical teaching
2) Demonstrate rationality
3) Context of relationship

Front 69

What are the two areas that the doctrine of the trinity is central?

Back 69

1) Creation
2) Salvation

Front 70

What would a complimentarian argue about the trinity?

Back 70

Some see an analogy with them sharing the same title with different roles

Front 71

What would an egalitarian argue?

Back 71

That there could be subordinationism

Front 72

What is the apologetic purpose for proving the existence of God?

Back 72

To offer a defense or apology saying "there's a reason for things."

Front 73

What is the hortatory purpose for offering proof for the existence of God?

Back 73

to encourage believers and to help them know what question is being asked, why its being asked, and who is asking it

Front 74

What does Genesis 1:1 assume about God?

Back 74

He already exists

Front 75

What does Romans 1 say about atheism?

Back 75

It’s not that they don’t know that there’s a God, it’s that they suppress the truth.

Front 76

What are the seven areas that the basic arguments for atheism are drawn from (according to Garrett)?

Back 76

1) Projectionism
2) Scientism
3) Linguistic philosophy
4) The problem of suffering
5) Responsible humanism
6) Social injustice
7) The experience of the absence of God

Front 77

What is agnosticism?

Back 77

Refers to the belief that one cannot know whether or not God exists, because the only true knowledge is of material phenomena.

Front 78

Who is one of the primary thinkers behind the ontological argument?

Back 78

Anselm

Front 79

What type of argument is the ontological argument?

Back 79

a priori

Front 80

What piece of Scripture supports the ontological argument?

Back 80

Psalm 14:1

Front 81

What are the four points of the argument?

Back 81

1) God is the greatest conceivable being (or, Nothing greater than God can be conceived)
2) It is greater to exist in reality than merely in the mind.
3) Since God is the greatest conceivable being, He must exist in reality.
4) Therefore, God exists.

Front 82

How does William Lane Craig describe the argument?

Back 82

1) A being whose non-existence is inconceivable is greater than a being whose non-existence is conceivable.
2) But God is the greatest conceivable being.
3) Therefore, God’s non-existence must be inconceivable.
4) Therefore, God must exist.

Front 83

Who are the two objectors to this argument?

Back 83

1) Guanilo
2) Aquinas

Front 84

What type of argument is the Cosmological argument?

Back 84

a posteriori

Front 85

What are Aquinas' five ways?

Back 85

1) Unmoved mover
2) First cause or uncaused cause
3) Necessary being
4) Perfection
5) Divine designer

Front 86

What are the two points behind the unmoved mover argument?

Back 86

1) An argument from motion
2) If things are moving there must have been something unmovable that moved it

Front 87

What are the two points that support the first cause or uncaused cause argument?

Back 87

1) An argument from causation
2) Every event has a cause. There is never a regress. There must be a first cause.

Front 88

What are the two arguments that support necessary being?

Back 88

1) An argument from contingency
2) There are beings in the world and they depend on something else. There must be a necessary being from which beings proceed.

Front 89

What are the two arguments that support perfection?

Back 89

1) An argument from gradation to things.
2) If there is good then there must be an ultimate good somewhere.

Front 90

What is the argument for divine designer?

Back 90

An argument from design (teleological)

Front 91

How does G. W. G. Leibniz answer the question, "Why is there something rather than nothing?

Back 91

“Nothing happens without sufficient reason.” So, there is a metaphysically necessary being – God.

Front 92

What are the three points of logic behind the cosmological argument?

Back 92

1) Every effort has a cause
2) There cannot be an infinite regress of causes
3) Therefore, there must be a first cause

Front 93

Who are the two primary objectors to this argument?

Back 93

1) Hume
2) Kant

Front 94

What is Hume's objection?

Back 94

Cause and effect is merely a human conception of relations between things. We can have no direct knowledge of God through sense experience.

Front 95

What is Kant's objection?

Back 95

There is a bifurcation of the phenomenal and noumenal and causation is a structure of the mind that fashions or organizes experience.

Front 96

What type of argument is the teleological argument?

Back 96

a posteriori

Front 97

What is the thinking behind the teleological argument?

Back 97

There is a goal, something has a meaning or purpose.

Front 98

What does Aquinas' fifth way describe about the teleological argument?

Back 98

We look at the world and determine that design doesn’t just happen. An intelligent being put it together.

Front 99

Who is behind the "Watch-Maker Argument?"

Back 99

William Paley

Front 100

What two pieces of Scripture support this argument?

Back 100

1) Psalm 19:1-2
2) Romans 1:20-23

Front 101

What are the three points of logic behind this argument?

Back 101

1) The universe shows extensive evidence of purposive design.
2) Purposive design does not happen by accident.
3) Therefore, there must be a Divine Designer.

Front 102

What type of argument is the moral argument?

Back 102

a posteriori

Front 103

What are the three points behind the moral argument

Back 103

1) All people have a moral standard at least sane people do.
2) There is a moral standard.
3) If there’s a moral standard there must be a moral lawgiver somewhere.

Front 104

What are the two pieces of Scripture that support this argument?

Back 104

1) Romans 2:14-16
2) Exodus 20:1-17

Front 105

What type of argument is the aesthetic argument?

Back 105

An argument taken from beauty

Front 106

What three questions does this argument ask?

Back 106

1) Why is it that we consider something beautiful?
2) Why do we have the capacity to appreciate beauty?
3) Why are we able to recognize that some things are not beautiful?

Front 107

What is the anthropological argument?

Back 107

Why is it that man can actually survive on this planet?

Front 108

What three Scriptures support an inner witness/conscience?

Back 108

1) Psalm 14:1
2) Psalm 53:1
3) Romans 1

Front 109

What is the anthropological argument with minds?

Back 109

1) Would it be reasonable to say that there is only one mind, it’s mine, and all of you are a projection of my mind?
2) If I were to say, I believe there are 100+ minds in the room or I would say there is only one mind in the room and it’s mine, which one is rational and irrational?
3) You’re establishing rationality versus irrationality.
4) Which is more rational? To say that there is a God or that there is not a God?

Front 110

What is the anthropological argument with religious experience?

Back 110

1) Simply asking, why are so many people religious?
2) Why are so many people worshiping idols?

Front 111

What is the anthropological argument with joy or gratitude?

Back 111

1) When the atheist just feels joy and is grateful, to whom?
2) It’s not always because somebody has done something to you.
3) Is it a chemical reaction or is it because there is something inside you?

Front 112

What type of argument is fulfilled prophecy?

Back 112

a posteriori

Front 113

What are the three points of the logic of the argument?

Back 113

1) Some predictions of Scripture are adequately separated by time from their fulfillment, and precise enough in detail so as to render implausible any theory of chance or extra-sensory perception.
2) There are sufficient numbers of these prophecies so as to render highly probable an advanced knowledge that could only come from a source outside of man.
3) God is the most likely explanation of such a source of information.

Front 114

What are the seven Scriptures that support this argument?

Back 114

1) Psalm 22
2) Micah 5:2
3) Daniel 9:25
4) Isaiah 7:14
5) Jeremiah 31:15
6) Zechariah 11:12
7) Zechariah 12:10

Front 115

What are the four limitations of proof?

Back 115

1) They fail to prove the existence of an all-powerful, personal, benevolent god.
2) Human reason is finite.
3) They are not always effective in evangelism.
4) Counter-arguments can be offered to each proof.

Front 116

What are the six values of proof?

Back 116

1) They demonstrate the reasonableness of Christianity.
2) The may serve as counter-arguments to the secular worldview.
3) They have some use in evangelism (e.g., Pascal’s wager).
4) They may have a cumulative impact.
5) They point to the guilt of all humanity (Romans 1).
6) They edify believers.

Front 117

What is the via negativa approach to determining God's attributes?

Back 117

Deny to God all imperfections observed in created beings

Front 118

What is the via eminentiae approach to determining God's attributes?

Back 118

Attribute to God in infinite degree all perfections or virtues found in creatures.

Front 119

What is the via causalitatis approach to determining God's attributes?

Back 119

Predicate to God those attributes that are required in Him to explain the world of nature and mind.

Front 120

What is an incommunicable attribute?

Back 120

Attributes that God's creatures cannot bear

Front 121

What is a communicable attribute?

Back 121

Attributes His creatures can bear

Front 122

What is a natural attribute according to Mullins?

Back 122

Those characteristics that are just pertaining to God's character.

Front 123

What are Moral attributes according to Mullins?

Back 123

God's moral character and His relations

Front 124

What are God's essential attributes?

Back 124

These are those attributes that lie outside our conceptions of space, time, and creation and which include God as a se, uncreated, underived, simple, unity, infinite, eternal, and necessary.

Front 125

What does aseity mean?

Back 125

The self existence of God. God is uncaused. He is not dependent on anyone or anything.

Front 126

What does the sufficiency of God mean?

Back 126

He is self sufficient

Front 127

What does the necessity of God mean?

Back 127

He is not dependent on someone

Front 128

What does it mean that God is underived?

Back 128

He derives from no one

Front 129

What three scriptures support this?

Back 129

1) Psalm 90:2
2) Isaiah 43:10
3) Exodus 3:14

Front 130

What are the five points behind aseity?

Back 130

1) God is self-existent
2) God is self-dependent/sustaining
3) God is independent
4) God is immutable
5) God is impassible

Front 131

What does it mean that God is immutable?

Back 131

God is unchanging with his purposes and promises.

Front 132

How does God's relationship to His creatures change?

Back 132

At one time they are objects of His wrath. At another time they are adopted. The relationship changes, the being does not

Front 133

What does it mean that God is impassible?

Back 133

God is not influenced from outside Himself. His will is determined from within, not from without. There are not pressures that bare on Him with respect to His will.

Front 134

Deuteronomy 6:4 is a statement against what?

Back 134

Idolatry

Front 135

It is also not a statement of what?

Back 135

Unity

Front 136

What is it a statement of?

Back 136

Uniqueness and particularity

Front 137

What does particularity mean according to John of Damascus?

Back 137

“If there are many gods, how can one maintain that God is uncircumscribed? For where the one would be, the other would not be”

Front 138

What is another word for unity?

Back 138

Indivisibility

Front 139

What does unity mean?

Back 139

The divine nature is undivided and indivisible. There is no distinction in God’s essence and existence. God is “simple” in that He is not composed of parts.

Front 140

What does it mean that God is trinitarian?

Back 140

We’re not talking about three gods, we’re talking about one.

Front 141

What does it mean that God is essential?

Back 141

We’re not talking about a God who has parts.

Front 142

What does it mean that God is temporal?

Back 142

There is nothing added or subtracted throughout eternity.

Front 143

What does it mean that God is infinite?

Back 143

He is free from limitations. All of God's excellencies are without end.

Front 144

What does it mean that God is immeasurable or immense?

Back 144

He is unmeasured. He transcends spatial relations and limitations.

Front 145

What does it mean that God is omnipresent?

Back 145

He cannot be limited to say that he is at hand or far off

Front 146

How does open theism define omniscience?

Back 146

God knows everything that has happened in the past and He knows everything that He will do in the future but He does not know what His creatures will do in the future because they have free will.

Front 147

What is the doctrine of divine forgetfulness?

Back 147

If God truly forgets something then he no longer knows or remembers certain past events.

Front 148

What are the three points of argument against divine forgetfulness?

Back 148

1) If God forgets certain past events then God would have to believe that I am a being that does not sin. Then God would believe something that is false that we know to be true.
2) This new definition of God puts God in a place of not being true and not being faithful and by implication we would be making God a liar.
3) The beauty of the gospel is that God knows that I am a sinner but because of the death of Christ, He treats me as though I am not one.

Front 149

What does it mean that God is life?

Back 149

I owe my existence to the God who gives life.

Front 150

What are God's six relational attributes?

Back 150

1) Spirituality
2) Life
3) Personality
4) Intellectual
5) Moral
6) Sovereignty

Front 151

What does God's spirituality mean?

Back 151

God is not matter nor is He dependent on matter

Front 152

What does God's personality mean?

Back 152

The existence of self-consciousness and will

Front 153

What does it mean that God is omniscient?

Back 153

He is all knowing

Front 154

What does God's wisdom mean?

Back 154

God's choice of that which is always best

Front 155

What does God's veracity/faithfulness mean?

Back 155

God is always true to His word and He is himself Truth and, therefore, the standard of truth.

Front 156

What does it mean that God is love?

Back 156

God is eternally self-giving

Front 157

What does it mean that God is goodness?

Back 157

God is the perfection of good

Front 158

What is God's grace?

Back 158

God’s expression of goodness in His not giving us our due punishment.

Front 159

What is God's mercy?

Back 159

God’s pity and goodness expressed toward those in distress.

Front 160

What is God's patience?

Back 160

The expression of God’s goodness in withholding due punishment over a period of time.

Front 161

What is God's holiness?

Back 161

The attribute by which God eternally wills and maintains His own moral excellence and, as well, is that attribute by which God is separated from all other entities as transcendent.

Front 162

What is God's righteousness?

Back 162

God always does what it right and He is himself the standard of righteousness and justice.

Front 163

What is God's jealousy?

Back 163

God always acts to defend His own honor.

Front 164

What is God's wrath?

Back 164

God has perfect hatred for all sin.

Front 165

What is God's sovereignty?

Back 165

God rules perfectly and without limitation over all the universe.

Front 166

What are the three contemporary challenges to the orthodox view of God?

Back 166

1) Pantheism
2) Panentheism
3) Openness View

Front 167

What is pantheism?

Back 167

The notion that God is identical with the world

Front 168

What is Panentheism also called?

Back 168

Process theism

Front 169

What is panentheism?

Back 169

The view that God is part of the world but He's not contained fully by it. He is continually changing. Everything is in flux. God is limited.

Front 170

Who are the 6 major players with the openness view?

Back 170

1) Greg Boyd
2) Clark Pinnock
3) Richard Rice
4) John Sanders
5) William Hasker
6) David Basinger

Front 171

What does the openness view attempt to affirm?

Back 171

Biblical passages that indicate God's responsiveness to humans and that affirm human free will.

Front 172

What do open theists say about prayer?

Back 172

It changes the mind of God

Front 173

When did the movement arise?

Back 173

1980's

Front 174

When did it develop significantly?

Back 174

1990's

Front 175

What is it sometimes referred to as?

Back 175

free-will theism

Front 176

What are the four major tenets of open theism?

Back 176

1) Methodological
2) Theological Key
3) Theological Revision
4) Pastoral Ministry

Front 177

What does the theological key of open theism mean?

Back 177

Love is the primary attribute of God. God’s love is truly relational. God is portrayed as truly loving and truly relational and therefore responsive to the actions of free creatures.

Front 178

What does the theological revision of open theism mean?

Back 178

1) There is a restatement on divine omniscience and divine foreknowledge
2) God does not know the future actions of free creatures. If He did know them He would determine them and you would no longer have human freedom
3) God possesses perfect knowledge of the past and present and in the view of foreknowledge He does not know the future actions of free creatures but He is the best predictor. He is the omnicompotent chess player.

Front 179

What does pastoral ministry within open theism mean?

Back 179

1) They are looking for meaningful ways to talk about prayer and the problem of evil.
2) This doctrine gives you a better doctrine of prayer because prayer really works and that they are better equipped to offer answers with respect to evil.

Front 180

What are the weaknesses of Open Theism?

Back 180

1) God doesn’t know that Abraham will actually kill Isaac
2) God’s knowledge of the past and the present (Genesis 3) is suspect
3) It is a mistake to make divine love the key of a theological system
4) If love, why not light?
5) The argument that classical theism is not consistent with the biblical witness, that charge comes with a burden of proof of how more than 2,000 years of biblical evidence have erred.
6) The opennenss doctrine breeds less confidence in the effectiveness of prayer because it limits God’s ability to respond to prayer.
7) It creates all kinds of troubles for answering questions about evil
8) How does an Open Theist maintain the doctrine of biblical inerrancy?
9) If God doesn’t know about the future what about statements that refer to the future.
10) At the level of prophecy and predictions it presents all kinds of problems.
11) Open Theism rejects at least a few good ways what Open Theists say are tension
12) They give primacy to anthropology rather than theology proper
13) They ignore good versions of compatibilism that hold that divine sovereignty and moral agency can be held together.

Front 181

What are the implications of our relationship with God the Father?

Back 181

He is our Father and we are His’ children adopted by the Spirit into Christ.

Front 182

What are the implications of God the Father's authority?

Back 182

In the Lord’s prayer there is a God who is Father whose name is to be made holy in our midst and then the turn is to “Your will be done.” It’s your kingdom that concerns us.

Front 183

What are the implications of God the Father's care and provision?

Back 183

We do not need to be anxious because God is our Father and He cares for us.

Front 184

What are the implications of imitations of God the Father?

Back 184

We are to imitate God and forgive as He forgives

Front 185

Traditionally, the works of God are treated under what two headings?

Back 185

1) Creation
2) Providence

Front 186

What does creation involve?

Back 186

God’s action in bringing the universe into existence.

Front 187

What does providence concern?

Back 187

His superintendence of creation

Front 188

What does Patterson mean by "decree"?

Back 188

“the eternal plan by which God has rendered certain all the events of the universe – past, present, and future”

Front 189

What does Pelagianism emphasize?

Back 189

Human freedom and denies the idea of a supernatural decree, because it would violate human autonomy and moral responsibility.

Front 190

Why does classical liberalism reject the decrees as illegitimate?

Back 190

because they are merely speculative theology. Jesus of Nazareth is an expression of the “loving will” of God, which excludes the possibility of any punitive will of God. Divine sovereignty is greatly diminished in favor of human autonomy. Human responsibility is impossible without human freedom. The idea of the God who makes decrees is simply a product of the Hellenization of Christianity.

Front 191

What is process thought?

Back 191

God only knows future potentialities. God does not coerce or command, but rather he lovingly lures and persuades.

Front 192

What is semi-pelagianism?

Back 192

God’s foreknowledge is simply His foresight of human decisions. Predestination is based on foreseen faith and obedience.

Front 193

What do Arminians believe?

Back 193

God does not efficiently will the actions of free agents. If God actively decreed the fall, then He is author of sin.

Front 194

What does Wesley emphasize?

Back 194

The free moral response of the human agent more than the sovereign purpose of God. God’s sovereign will does not determine one’s destiny.

Front 195

What does Gottschalk hold to?

Back 195

God decreed the eternal damnation of souls prior to creation of the world and of humanity.

Front 196

What does Luther hold to?

Back 196

There is in God a hidden will and a revealed will. God predestines some to salvation and reprobates others to perdition. That God is not author of sin is a mystery.

Front 197

What does Calvin hold to?

Back 197

All men’s deeds are governed by God’s secret counsel. He does distinguish between ultimate and proximate causes.

Front 198

What does Beza hold to?

Back 198

Nothing in the world comes to pass without God’s will or knowledge. The will of God is the first and efficient cause of Adam’s fall. Beza distinguishes between the decree of election and reprobation and the execution of the decree.

Front 199

What does Irenaeus hold to?

Back 199

God foresaw human rebellion and permitted His creatures to walk in freedom, choosing darkness and sin. He does acknowledge the sovereign will of God in salvation.

Front 200

What does Tertullian hold to?

Back 200

God rejects a man according to his desert.

Front 201

What does Augustine hold to?

Back 201

All things occur on the effectual and unchangeable will of God. God elects a certain number to be saved from fallen humanity. There is a permissive will of God, and human agent’s exercise psychological freedom and responsibility. The decree of election followed the decree to create and permit the fall.

Front 202

What is God's purpose in the world?

Back 202

To redeem sinners to the end that people from the nations will worship eternally.

Front 203

What is God's mean of accomplishing His purposes?

Back 203

The Scriptures teach that God is able to accomplish His purposes in a manner consistent with His character.

Front 204

How do we understand what God's will is?

Back 204

God wills consistently with His plan and purposes.

Front 205

Why does history have meaning?

Back 205

Because God created a world with purpose.

Front 206

What is Grudem's definition of "miracle?"

Back 206

A miracle is a less common kind of God’s activity in which he arouses people’s awe and wonder and bears witness to himself.

Front 207

What are the three terms associated with miracle?

Back 207

1) Sign
2) Wonder
3) Miracle/Mighty Work

Front 208

What are the five purpose of miracles?

Back 208

1) Advance the gospel
2) Bear witness that the kingdom of God has come
3) Compassion
4) Remove hindrances to ministry
5) Bring glory to God

Front 209

How does Grudem define creation?

Back 209

God created the entire universe out of nothing; it was originally very good; and he created it to glorify himself.

Front 210

What is a toledot?

Back 210

“generations” – a literary device used to arrange the material of Genesis that reminds us of a central theme: God made the “land” to be filled by “man” (adam) and his “offspring."

Front 211

What are the twin themes in creation?

Back 211

Land and blessing

Front 212

What does "what is good" fulfill?

Back 212

God's purpose to bless

Front 213

Genesis 2:4 is the first occurrence of what?

Back 213

YHWH, the self-revealed covenant name of God

Front 214

In Genesis 1:1, what do we learn about God?

Back 214

1) He exists
2) He is creator and sovereign of all
3) His creation has a purpose

Front 215

Genesis 1:1 is an introduction to what?

Back 215

The whole Bible

Front 216

Genesis 1:2 is a description of what?

Back 216

Pristine creation

Front 217

What does Genesis 1:2 link to?

Back 217

Details of forming & filling the "land" in the remainder of Genesis 1.

Front 218

How is the land described in Genesis 1?

Back 218

Formless and empty

Front 219

What does darkness describe?

Back 219

the uninhabitable nature of creation at this point

Front 220

What does deep parallel?

Back 220

waters

Front 221

What does Genesis 1:2 prepare us to hear?

Back 221

The narrative of God’s creation of the land for the blessing of His people.

Front 222

What does Genesis 1:2 give the reader?

Back 222

A way of recognizing God’s purpose to bless and the reality that sin is costly.

Front 223

What did God do in Genesis 1:1?

Back 223

He created everything

Front 224

What did he do in 1:2?

Back 224

Preparation for forming & filling

Front 225

What happened in 1:3-5?

Back 225

Light & darkness

Front 226

What happened in 1:6-8?

Back 226

Separation of "the waters"

Front 227

What happened in 1:9-13?

Back 227

Separation of "land" & "sea"; vegetation

Front 228

What happened in 1:14-19?

Back 228

Arranging of "lights" to order separation of light from darkness

Front 229

What happened in 1:20-23?

Back 229

Creation of living creatures: birds/sea creatures

Front 230

What happened in 1:24-31?

Back 230

Creation of living creatures: land animals/man

Front 231

What happened in 2:1-3?

Back 231

Completion & Sabbath

Front 232

What happened in 2:4?

Back 232

Sabbath

Front 233

What does yom refer to?

Back 233

a literal day in Scripture

Front 234

What do night and day seem to refer to?

Back 234

a literal day

Front 235

What does Moses in Exodus assume?

Back 235

A day is a 24-hour period of tme

Front 236

What are the three key themes?

Back 236

1) God creates the "land" (1:10)
2) God promises "blessing"
3) God promises "seed"

Front 237

What are the three creation themes in Isaiah?

Back 237

1) Creation and God's power and provision
2) Creation and God's promise of redemption
3) Creation and the faithfulness of God's people

Front 238

What are the three creation themes in Psalms?

Back 238

1) Creation and providence
2) Creation and God's sovereignty
3) Creation and worship

Front 239

What are the three creation themes in Job?

Back 239

1) The distinction between God and man
2) The diversity of God's creation
3) Confidence in the Creator even amidst suffering

Front 240

How many hours does Theophilus believe are in a day?

Back 240

24

Front 241

What does he argue God made the world out of?

Back 241

ex nihilo - nothing

Front 242

What does Irenaeus believe God created?

Back 242

all things

Front 243

What is Irenaeus working against?

Back 243

any type of idolatry towards the material world

Front 244

What does Origen believe about creation?

Back 244

He believed in the one God that created all who exist

Front 245

What is the problem with Origen's belief?

Back 245

He says there is no time at which God is not the creator

Front 246

What does Athanasius affirm?

Back 246

ex nihilo

Front 247

What is the Hexameron?

Back 247

a series of Lenten sermons Basil gave that are reflections on the six days of creation

Front 248

Why does Basil believe the world is worthy of being studied and understood?

Back 248

because it is orderly

Front 249

What does Augustine believe about creation?

Back 249

ex nihilo and God created with time

Front 250

What is the negative of Augustine's exegesis of creation?

Back 250

It is allegorical. Augustine is very uncomfortable with the material world.

Front 251

What does Anselm affirm?

Back 251

ex nihilo. He believes the world owes a debt of love to the Creator

Front 252

What does Lombard affirm?

Back 252

ex nihilo

Front 253

What does Lombard reject?

Back 253

the Augustinian idea that creation happens in a simultaneous event. He believes the world was made in 6, 24-hour days

Front 254

What does Aquinas consider?

Back 254

the world could be eternal

Front 255

What persuades him otherwise?

Back 255

John 17:5, nothing apart from God has been around for all eternity.

Front 256

What does Luther hold to about creation?

Back 256

1) It is written in the simplest language
2) He was a young earther
3) Everything is created by God
4) Very critical of allegorical readings of Genesis
5) Creation is a work of the triune God
6) Genesis is also about the man that God created in His image

Front 257

What does Calvin believe about creation?

Back 257

1) By the power of Word and Spirit God created the heavens and the earth
2) There are truths to be found throughout all of creation but we have blurred vision. We need the proper spectacles or the proper perspective of the Scriptures.
3) He has a real humility about how we state our doctrine of Creation in the context of the scientific age.
4) Moses and other biblical writers wrote in a popular way of speaking. This is not a science textbook.

Front 258

What does the modern mind believe about creation?

Back 258

The universe is a big machine

Front 259

What does Kant say about creation?

Back 259

Kant says there are certain things in the world and we can have knowledge about those but there are other things (the pneuma things) that we can’t know about.

Front 260

What does Panenberg believe about creation?

Back 260

1) Creation is of the free will of God
2) He adapts evolution and Christian theism together called theistic evolution
3) He will tie the questions about the problem of evil with speaking about God who created a particular kind of world

Front 261

What does Strong believe about creation?

Back 261

1) God created the world and did so freely
2) Science can teach us some things but we have to depend on Scripture to interpret some things.

Front 262

What does E. Y. Mullins believe about creation?

Back 262

1) He is dealing with questions of science and religion
2) Methodologically begins with human religious experience
3) Affirms that creation is the free act of God
4) Believes that evolution is to be rejected along with every form of infidelity and unbelief.

Front 263

Is creation necessary?

Back 263

No

Front 264

What is creation?

Back 264

a free act of God's grace by which He shares His life with others

Front 265

What are two key texts about ex nihilo?

Back 265

1) Romans 4:17
2) Hebrews 11:3

Front 266

What are the three key points of ex nihilo?

Back 266

1) The world is not God
2) God creates by means of Son and Spirit
3) Freedom of God in relation to created universe

Front 267

God's creation is __________.

Back 267

Good

Front 268

Man is good but man has been corrupted by ___________.

Back 268

sin

Front 269

What does God rule over?

Back 269

All that He has made

Front 270

What is worldview?

Back 270

Our comprehensive framework of basic beliefs about things

Front 271

Eschatology is a theme running all the way through your ___________ about creation.

Back 271

theology

Front 272

What are the six points about the doctrine of creation and pastoral ministry?

Back 272

1) It grounds dignity for human life
2) It bears on marriage and family
3) Respect for other life and the environment
4) It bears on authority on the church
5) Sanctification is connected to the doctrine of creation
6) Helps you with the theme of comfort and encouragement in pastoral ministry

Front 273

What is the Genesis Account according to Garrett?

Back 273

The Genesis account is variously regarded as myth, symbol, or saga

Front 274

What are the six elements the Christian worldview has contributed to the scientific outlook?

Back 274

1) Nature is real
2) Nature has value
3) Nature is not God
4) Nature is subservient
5) Nature has order
6) Nature has purpose

Front 275

What are the five models of the integration of science and theology?

Back 275

1) Difference in essence
2) Difference in approach
3) Theology is foundational for science
4) Science delimitative of theology
5) Interactive approach

Front 276

What is difference in essence?

Back 276

Science and theology treat two different subjects.

Front 277

What is difference in approach?

Back 277

Science and theology treat the same realities, but do so in completely non-integrative manners.

Front 278

What in theology is foundation for science?

Back 278

Theology provides the metaphysical foundation for science.

Front 279

What in science is delimitative of theology?

Back 279

Science provides the best means by which to gain knowledge. Therefore, it sets the parameters within which theology may work.

Front 280

What is interactive approach?

Back 280

Science and theology are interactive approaches to the same reality. They may make competing claims, but the differences are adjudicated on a level playing field.

Front 281

What are the five points of intelligent design?

Back 281

1) The fact that life consists not only of matter, but of matter and information
2) Information is not reducible to matter
3) Complex, specified information cannot be produced by “chance” or by “laws”
4) Molecular mechanisms are irreducibly complex
5) There is no functional path for a system to proceed according to Darwinian theory – that is, there are no evident functional intermediate steps in the process.

Front 282

What is philosophical naturalism?

Back 282

Modern science is largely based on a thoroughgoing naturalistic, materialistic philosophy. We may legitimately ask whether this is a proper basis for good science.

Front 283

What is the definition of providence according to Erickson?

Back 283

the continuing action of God by which he preserves in existence the creation he has brought into being, and guides it to his intended purposes for it.

Front 284

What are the three large themes in providence?

Back 284

1) Divine governance
2) Divine preservation
3) Concurrence

Front 285

In Genesis 1-3 how do we see providence?

Back 285

God pronounces cursing and blessing in the creation narrative.

Front 286

How do we see providence in Genesis 6-8?

Back 286

God tells Noah to build the ark, and ushers the animals in, and God shuts the door, carries them through the waters and delivers them to safety.

Front 287

How do we see it in Genesis 12?

Back 287

He is a God who sees and a God who will bless.

Front 288

How do we see it in Genesis 37-50?

Back 288

God provides for the sons of Israel that through Joseph and his sufferings God has provided a means for the provision of His people.

Front 289

How do we see it in Exodus?

Back 289

1) Provides manna for the people in the wilderness.
2) Gives the Law at Sinai

Front 290

How do we see it in Deuteronomy 32-33?

Back 290

God through Moses is telling his own people to remember the God who delivered his people.

Front 291

How do we see it in Joshua 1?

Back 291

God tells Joshua that Moses is dead and Joshua needs to be strong and courageous because God will not leave them or forsake them.

Front 292

How do we see it in 1 & 2 Samuel?

Back 292

1) The establishment of the Davidic lineage.
2) In spite of Saul and his rebellion, God still blesses his people

Front 293

How do we see it in Isaiah?

Back 293

1) While people will be judged nevertheless God will deliver them
2) Even when nations come against them God will bless them

Front 294

How do we see it in Jeremiah?

Back 294

Even when nations come against them God will bless them.

Front 295

How do we see it in Psalm 33?

Back 295

The psalmist describes God’s omnipresence and describes that there is nothing outside of God’s sight

Front 296

How do we see it in Psalm 104?

Back 296

1) God’s governance and preservation of nature. He sets boundaries for it.
2) He preserves the land and the plants
3) He preserves animals
4) He preserves man
5) Man is governed by God

Front 297

How do we see it in Job?

Back 297

God permits Satan to test Job but he restricts the ways Satan may deal with Job.

Front 298

How do we see it in Proverbs?

Back 298

1) If you trust in the Lord, God will take care of your steps. You will receive assistance from God.
2) Even that which is apparently chance is from the hand of God.

Front 299

What are the three themes we see in providence within Lamentations?

Back 299

1) Divine causation
2) Human causation
3) Divine faithfulness