Theo Test 2

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PATRISTIC ERA

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2nd - 5th century A.D. Named for the major writers are known as the "fathers" of the Church

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PAGAN

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those persons who are neither Christians nor Jews (in Roman times)

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MYSTERY-RELIGIONS

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in Greek and Roman religious worls, secret cults that conducted ritual initiations into the mysteries of a particular god or goddess.

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IMPERIAL CULT

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Roman world, a partly political and partly religious ceremony in honor of the emperor who was recognized as a superhuman or divine figure

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MARTYRS

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"witness"; someone who, under persecution, dies rather than give up his or her faith

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RELICS

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the bodily remains of martyrs and saints

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CONFESSORS

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those who were arrested during persecution and stood firm in their faith but who were not put to death

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APOLOGISTS

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attempted to respond to pagan criticisms of Christianity by explaining what Christians believed and how they lived their lives in terms with which they could relate

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DIDACHE

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the teaching of the twelve apostles

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CREEDS

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a short summary of belief

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EPISCOPACY

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government by bishops

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DOCETISM

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the beliefe of some early christians that Jesus did not really become flesh but only seemed to have a body; could not suffer or die

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DUALISM

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(1) in gnosticism, a way of looking at reality as divided between two hostile divine powers (good and evil); (2)efforts designed to bring unity and cooperation between divided Christian churches or between Christians and Non-Christians.

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GNOSTICISM

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two gods: one who was the supreme godhead of the divine realm (representing good) and the other the creator of the physical universe (evil)

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ALLEGORICAL

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hidden spiritual meaning beneath the bare literal meaning of the text

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ECUMENICAL COUNCIL

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a universal gathering of Christian bishops to resolve urgent issues affecting the whole church

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DOGMA

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a religious teaching based on divine revelation and defined by the church

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COUNCIL of NICAEA

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325 A.D.; bishops indicated their opposition to Arianism by approving a creed or statement of beliefs- Nincene Creed

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COUNCIL OF CONSTANTINOPLE

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381 A.D.; the Nincene Creed was confirmed and expanded

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CAPPADOCIAN FATHERS

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Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nyssa, and Gregory of Nazianzus; came from the cetral region of Asia Minor known as Cappadocia

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COUNCIL OF EPHESUS

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431 A.D.; Mary was declared to be the Mother of God "Theotokos"

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COUNCIL OF CHALCEDON

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451 A.D.; represents the decisive stage in the development of the early Christian doctrine of Christ

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MONOPHYSITES

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believers in a single nature of Christ

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PATRIARCH

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bishop of one of the "leading seats" of early Christianity: Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Constantinople.

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ASCETISM

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the training or discipline of the passions and hte appetites

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CENOBITIC MONASTICICM

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"common life"; communities of monks

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BASILICA

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"royal"; adaptation of standard rectangular shape or royal audience halls and public buildings in Roman cities

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CATHEDRAL

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bishop's church

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MEMORIA

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built to honor the tomb of a saint or martyr; octagonal or cruciform shape

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IRENAEUS OF LYONS

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late 2nd cent., bishop of church in Lyons in S. Gaul. Wrote Against Heresies, in response to Gnosticism

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ORIGEN OF ALEXANDRIA

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c.185-c. 251; director of school of Alexandria; believed the theologian had a calling from the Holy Spirit

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CONSTANTINE

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reigned 306-337; established practice of ec. council, his conversion increased rate of conversions, founded Constantinople

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THEODOSIUS I

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reigned 379-95; made Christianity the sole legal religion of the empire

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ARIUS

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4th century Alexandrian, argued that only the Father was God and the Son was less than God

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APOLLINARIS OF LAODICAEA

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taught Christ had no human soul

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NESTORIUS

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became patriarch of Const. in 428; defined 2 who's: son of God and son of Mary and 2 natures

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ANTONY OF EGYPT

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(251-356) the father of Christian monasticism

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AUGUSTINE

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354-430; theologian and bishop of Hippo; best known for opposition to Pelagianism and Donatism, his theological doctrines of grace, original sin, and predestination, and his solution to problem of evil.

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AMBROSE OF MILAN

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4th century, bishop and former provincial governor whoese sermons inspried the yound Augustine to take Christianity seriously.

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PELAGIUS

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4th cent.; British monk who came to Rome around 388; "Pelagianism"

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PELAGIANISM

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notion that original sin did not seriously damage the human capacity to do good, that human nature remained essentially good, and that human beings could lead holy lives if they exerted sufficient effort.