The Urinary System

Front 1

renal nerves

Back 1

supplies the nerves to the kidneys and ureters

Front 2

renal corpuscle

Back 2

production of filtrate

Front 3

proximal convoluted tubule

Back 3

reabsorption of water, ions, and all organic nutrients

Front 4

loop of henle

Back 4

further reabsorption of water

Front 5

distal convoluted tubule

Back 5

secretion of ions, acids, drugs, toxins, variable reabsorption of water, sodium ions, and calcium ions(under hormonal control)

Front 6

collecting duct

Back 6

variable reabsorption of water and reabsorption or secretion of sodium, potassium, hydrogen, and bicarbonate ions

Front 7

papillary duct

Back 7

delivery of urine to minor calyx

Front 8

renal tubule

Back 8

long passageway

Front 9

renal corpuscle

Back 9

the beginning of the renal tubule, contains bowman's capsule

Front 10

bowman's capsule

Back 10

cup-shaped structure, serves as a filter to remove organic wastes, excess inorganic salts, and water

Front 11

glomerulus

Back 11

A tuft of capillaries situated within a Bowman's capsule at the end of a renal tubule in the vertebrate kidney that filters waste products from the blood and thus initiates urine formation.

Front 12

efferent arteriole

Back 12

derived from the glomerular capillaries in the renal glomeruli, these arterioles exit from the glomerulus at its vascular pole.

Front 13

afferent arteriole

Back 13

enters the glomerulus at the vascular pole and divides into capillaries which subsequently merge to form efferent arterioles.

Front 14

filtrate

Back 14

the filtrate that passes from the lumen of the glomerular capillary to the space of Bowman's capsule. protein free solution, similar to blood plasma

Front 15

tubular fluid

Back 15

the filtrate that changes in composition while it travels through the tubule

Front 16

collecting system

Back 16

tubes that carry tubular fluid away from the nephron

Front 17

85 percent of all nephrons are what

Back 17

cortical nephrons

Front 18

cortical nephron

Back 18

most nephrons, loop of henle is short, efferent arteriole delivers blood to peritubular capillaries

Front 19

juxtamedullary nephrons

Back 19

15% of nephrons, have long loops of henle, have vasa recta

Front 20

vasa recta

Back 20

long straight capillaries that parallel the loop of henle

Front 21

what nephrons lets the kidney produce the concentrated urine

Back 21

juxtamedullary nephrons

Front 22

The medulla consists of ______ renal pyramids

Back 22

6-18

Front 23

The cortex is composed of roughly _____ million nephrons

Back 23

1.25

Front 24

Major and minor calyces along with the pelvis drain urine to the ________

Back 24

ureters

Front 25

FILTRATE is produced at the ___________

Back 25

renal corpuscle

Front 26

Blood leaves the nephron via the ________

Back 26

efferent arteriole

Front 27

peritubular fluid

Back 27

interstitial fluid surrounding the renal tubule

Front 28

primary function of the PCT

Back 28

reabsorption

Front 29

loop of henle divided into a ___________limb and an _____________limb

Back 29

descending and ascending

Front 30

each limb contains a ______ segment and a ________ segment

Back 30

thick and thin

Front 31

thick segment of limbs function as the _____

Back 31

pct

Front 32

thin segment of limb are freely permeable to ______ not to _______

Back 32

water, solutes

Front 33

DCT ______ _______ ions, toxins, drugs

Back 33

Actively secretes

Front 34

DCT reabsorbs sodium ions from ___________

Back 34

tubular fluid

Front 35

Excretion maintain Homeostasis by regulating the ______________________ of the blood.

Back 35

volume and compsition

Front 36

most abundant organic waste, produced during breakdown of Amino Acids

Back 36

UREA

Front 37

generated in skeletal muscle tissue by the breakdown of creatine phosphate

Back 37

CREATININE

Front 38

formed by the recycling of nitrogenous bases from RNA molecules

Back 38

URIC ACID

Front 39

Blood pressure
Water and solutes across glomerular capillaries

Back 39

Filtration

Front 40

The removal of water and solutes from the filtrate

Back 40

Reabsorption

Front 41

Transport of solutes from the peritubular fluid into the tubular fluid

Back 41

Secretion

Front 42

Filtration in the kidneys modified by

Back 42

carrier mediated transport

Front 43

Carrier proteins have a transport _________ (Tm) ( Determines renal _________)

Back 43

maximum, threshold

Front 44

Reabsorption & Secretion are accomplished via __________

Back 44

diffusion, osmosis, and carrier-mediated transport

Front 45

Tm determines renal threshold for reabsorption of substances in __________

Back 45

tubular fluid

Front 46

Loops of Henle regulate final volume and solute ___________

Back 46

concentration

Front 47

GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE

Back 47

Is the amount of FILTRATE PER MINUTE

Front 48

But…______% of filtrate is reabsorbed and….only _______ liters of urine are excreted!!!

Back 48

99, 1-2

Front 49

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Amount of filtrate produced in the _________ each minute

Back 49

kidneys

Front 50

Factors that alter filtration pressure change________

Back 50

GFR

Front 51

A drop in filtration pressure stimulates _____________ (JGA)
Releases renin and erythropoietin

Back 51

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Front 52

EFFECT OF G.F.R.
If GFR increases – urine output _________, dehydration and electrolyte depletion.
If GFR decrease – wastes _________

Back 52

risesre, absorbed

Front 53

Sympathetic activation
Produces powerful _______of afferent arterioles
________ GFR and slows production of filtrate

Changes the regional pattern of blood flow
Alters GFR

Stimulates release of _______ by JGA

Back 53

vasoconstriction, Decreases, renin