The Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves Lab Quiz

Front 1

What forms the central nervous system (CNS)?

Back 1

The spinal cord, spinal nerves, and the brain

Front 2

What are the functions of the spinal cord and nerves?

Back 2

* Spinal reflexes

* Integration (summation of inhibitory and excitatory) nerve impulses

* Highway for upward and downward travel of sensory and motor information

Front 3

What structures protects the spinal cord?

Back 3

* The vertebral column

* The meninges

* cerebrospinal fluid

* Vertebral ligaments

Front 4

What is meninges?

Back 4

The spinal and cranial meninges is a series of specialized membranes surrounding the spinal cord brain, provide the necessary physical stability and shock absorption.

Front 5

What are the structures that cover the spinal cord?

Back 5

* Vertebrae

* Epidural space filled with fat

* Dura mater

* Arachnoid

* Pia mater

Front 6

What is the dura mater?

Back 6

The tough, fibrous dura mater is the layer that forms the outermost covering of the spinal cord.

This layer contains dense collagen fibers that are oriented along the longitudinal axis of the cord.

Front 7

What is the arachnoid?

Back 7

It is the middle meningeal layer.

Front 8

What is the pia mater?

Back 8

It is the innermost meningeal later. The pia mater consists of meshwork of elastic and collagen fibers that is firmly bound to the underlying neural tissue.

It covers the blood vessels and the denticulate ligs hold it in place.

Front 9

What is the subarachnoid space?

Back 9

It is the area between the arachnoid trabeculae and the arachnoid membrane. It is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Front 10

The spinal cord begins at what?

Back 10

At the foramen magnum

Front 11

How many inches is the spinal cord?

Back 11

* 16-18 inches long and 3/4 inch in diameter.

Front 12

Where does the spinal cord end in adults?

Back 12

At the L1/L2 vertebrae

Front 13

Ate what age does the cord stop growing?

Back 13

At age 5

Front 14

The cervical plexus of the spinal cord runs from what vertebrae?

Back 14

The cervical plexus runs from the C1 to the C5

Front 15

The brachial plexus of the spinal cord runs from what vertebrae?

Back 15

The brachial plexus runs from the C5-to the T1

Front 16

The lumbar plexus of the spinal cord runs from what vertebrae?

Back 16

The lumbar plexus runs from the L1-L4.

Front 17

The sacral plexus of the spinal cord runs from what vertebrae?

Back 17

The sacral plexus runs from the L4 to S4.

Front 18

What is the cervical enlargement?

Back 18

The amount of gray matter is greatest in segments of the spinal cord dedicated to the sensory and motor control of the limbs.

The cervical enlargement supplies nerves to the shoulder and upper limbs.

Front 19

What is the lumbar enlargement?

Back 19

The lumbar enlargement provides innervation to structures of the pelvis and lower limbs.

Front 20

What is the conus medullaris?

Back 20

It is the cone-shapes end of the spinal cord

Front 21

What is the filum terminale?

Back 21

The filum terminale is a thread-like extension of pia mater. It stabilizes the spinal cord in canal

Front 22

What is the caudae equinae (horse's tail)?

Back 22

It is the dorsal and ventral roots of lowest spinal nerves.

Front 23

What is the spinal segment?

Back 23

It is the area of cord from which each pair of spinal nerves arises.

Front 24

How many cervical spinal nerves are there?

Back 24

8 Cervical Spinal Nerves

Front 25

How many thoracic spinal nerves are there?

Back 25

12 Thoracic Spinal Nerves

Front 26

How many lumbar spinal nerves are there?

Back 26

5 Lumbar Spinal Nerves

Front 27

How many Sacral Spinal Nerves are there?

Back 27

There are 5 Sacral Spinal Nerves

Front 28

What is the central canal?

Back 28

The central canal is oval shaped and is lined with epindymal cells. It is filled with CSF

Front 29

The spinal nerves begin as:

Back 29

Roots

Front 30

The incoming sensory fibers are in the:

Back 30

Dorsal or posterior root

Front 31

The outgoing motor neuron (axon) are in the:

Back 31

Ventral or anterior root

Front 32

What is gray matter?

Back 32

Gray matter is shaped like the letter H or a butterfly.

- It contains neuron cell bodies which are unmyelinated axons and dendrites

- It has paired dorsal and ventral gray horns

- gray commissure crosses the midline

Front 33

What is white matter?

Back 33

- White matter covers gray matter

Front 34

What does the anterior, lateral, and posterior white columns of white matter contain?

Back 34

It contains axons that form ascending and descending tracts

Front 35

Where is the integration center for the spinal reflexes?

Back 35

It is in the gray matter of the spinal cord.

Front 36

Somatic reflexes result in contraction of what?

Back 36

Skeletal muscles

Front 37

Autonomic (visceral) reflexes involve what muscle?

Back 37

* Smooth and cardiac muscles and glands

* it controls heart rate, respiration, digestion, urination, etc.

Front 38

Cranial reflexes involve:

Back 38

Cranial nerve

Front 39

What are the five components of reflex arc?

Back 39

- Receptor

- Sensory Neuron (dorsal root receives signal)

- Integrating center

- Motor neuron (ventral root sends signal)

- Effector

Front 40

What is the difference between innate and acquired reflexes?

Back 40

Innate reflexes results from the connections that form between neurons during development. Such reflexes generally appear in a predictable sequence, from the simplest reflex responses to more complex motor patterns (chewing, suckling, or tracking objects with the eyes).

Acquired reflexes are more complex learned motor patterns. Bicycling is an example.

Front 41

What is the difference between somatic reflex and autonomic (visceral) reflex?

Back 41

You can control somatic reflexes and you can not control autonomic reflexes.

Front 42

What is the difference between monosynaptic reflex and polysynaptic reflex?

Back 42

Monosynaptic involves one synapse

Polysynaptic involves two synapse

Front 43

What is the difference between spinal reflex and cranial reflex?

Back 43

Spinal reflex is processed in the spinal cord.

Cranial reflex is processed in the brain.

Front 44

What is a stretch reflex?

Back 44

The best known monosynpatic reflex is the stretch reflex, which automatically regulates skeletal muscle length. The knee jerk or the patellar reflex is an example.

Front 45

What is tendon reflex?

Back 45

This is a polysynaptic reflex. The tendon reflex monitors the external tension produced during a muscular contraction and prevents tearing or breaking of the tendons.

Front 46

What is flexor reflex?

Back 46

A flexor reflex is an example of withdrawal reflex that affects the muscles of a limb. In this example, the stimulus of a hot frying pan causes the contraction of the flexor muscles of the arm, yanking the forearm and hand away from the pan.

Front 47

What is crossed extensor reflex?

Back 47

A crossed extensor reflex involves a contralateral reflexar. In other words, a motor response to the stimulus also occurs on a side opposite the flexor reflex, and the two occur simultaneously.

Front 48

What are superficial cord reflexes?

Back 48

- Abdominal reflex

- Plantar reflex

Front 49

What reflex is this?

Back 49

Babinski reflex

Front 50

What reflex is this?

Back 50

Plantar reflex

Front 51

The dura mater blends into the ______ at the intervertebral foramen.

Back 51

Epineurium

Front 52

How many pairs of coccygeal nerves are there?

Back 52

One pair