Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves

Front 1

This nerve innervates the gracilis

Back 1

obturator

Front 2

This nerve innervates the muscles that extend the leg

Back 2

femoral

Front 3

This nerve innervates the biceps femoris

Back 3

sciatic

Front 4

This nerve innervates the fibularis (peroneus) longus

Back 4

common fibular

Front 5

This nerve innervates the muscle that extends the forearm

Back 5

radial nerve

Front 6

This nerve innervates the muscels that flex (horizontally adduct) the arm.

Back 6

medial pectoral

Front 7

This nerve innervates the muscle used in singing.

Back 7

phrenic nerve

Front 8

This nerve innervates the muscle that abducts the arm.

Back 8

axillary

Front 9

This nerve innervates the soleus.

Back 9

tibial

Front 10

The 'funny bone'.

Back 10

ulnar

Front 11

This nerve innervates the biceps brachii.

Back 11

musculocutaneous

Front 12

This nerve innervates the muscles that adduct the thigh.

Back 12

obturator

Front 13

This nerve was involved in the Achilles reflex.

Back 13

tibial

Front 14

This nerve innervates the muscles that plantar flex the foot

Back 14

tibial nerve

Front 15

This nerve innervates the triceps brachii

Back 15

radial

Front 16

A reflex that involves both sides of the body is said to be a ______ reflex.

Back 16

contralateral

Front 17

A reflex that stimulates one muscle while inhibiting the antagonist of that muscle is said to show _____.

Back 17

reciprocal innervation

Front 18

A reflex that involves the diaphragm would be a [somatic/autonomic] reflex.

Back 18

somatic

Front 19

A reflex that involves the tibial nerve would be a [cranial/spinal] reflex.

Back 19

spinal

Front 20

The papillary light reflex was an example of a/an [somatic/autonomic] reflex.

Back 20

autonomic

Front 21

The gag reflex was [ipsilateral/contralateral].

Back 21

contralateral

Front 22

What are dermatomes?

Back 22

The skin over the entire body is supplied by spinal nerves that carry somatic sensory nerve impulses into the spinal cord.

Front 23

How are dermatomes used in medicine?

Back 23

Knowledge of dermatomes helps a physician to determine which segment of the spinal cord or which spinal nerve is malfunctioning.

Front 24

What are the 3 meninges? Where is cerebrospinal fluid found?

Back 24

1. Dura mater
2. Arachnoid mater
3. Pia mater
CSF is found in the subarachnoid space.

Front 25

The spinal cord stops at the level of lumbar vertebra number _____?

Back 25

1

Front 26

The spinal cord gives rise to ____ pairs of spinal nerves.

Back 26

31

Front 27

The spinal cord is held in place by extensions of the pia mater called the _____ and the _____.

Back 27

denticulate ligaments
filum terminale

Front 28

An axon running from the posterior horn would be carrying impulses that are [somatic motor/autonomic motor/sensory].

Back 28

sensory

Front 29

An improperly administered injection in the hip region could injure the ______ nerve while the _____ nerve is anesthetized before an episiotomy.

Back 29

sciatic
pudendal

Front 30

This nerve is the most easily damaged of the peripheral nerves as it runs posterior to the medial epicondyle.

Back 30

ulnar

Front 31

This is the nerve involved in carpal tunnel syndrome.

Back 31

median nerve

Front 32

This nerve can be damaged by improper use of crutches.

Back 32

axillary nerve

Front 33

What is the function of the descending tract?

Back 33

conduct impulses down the cord

Front 34

function of gray commissure?

Back 34

communicate with whit commissure enabling communication

Front 35

function of lumbar enlargment?

Back 35

gives rise to nerves to/from lower limbs

Front 36

function of epidural space?

Back 36

protection of spinal cord by cushion of fat and connective tissue

Front 37

function of dorsal root ganglion?

Back 37

contain cell bodies of sensory neurons

Front 38

The nuclei of somatic motor neuron cell bodies are found in the _____ of the spinal cord.

Back 38

ventral horn

Front 39

The nuclei of autonomic motor neuron cell bodies are found in the _____.

Back 39

lateral horn

Front 40

define reflexes.

Back 40

fast, predictable, automatic responses to changes in the environment that help maintain homeostasis.

Front 41

The spinal cord passes through the ______ foramina while the spinal nerves pass through the _____ foramina.

Back 41

vertebral
intervertebral

Front 42

List the 5 components of a reflex.

Back 42

1. receptor
2. sensory neuron
3. motor neuron
4. integrating center neuron
5. effector

Front 43

Why can a spinal tap be given in the lower lumbar region of the vertebral column without damaging the spinal cord? What fluid can be sampled here?

Back 43

It is inferior to the lowest portion of the spinal cord; it provides relatively safe access. Cerebrospinal fluid can be sample here.

Front 44

A reflex that involves a synapse between the incoming sensory neuron and the outgoing motor neuron.

Back 44

polysynaptic

Front 45

A reflex that involves both sides of the body.

Back 45

contralateral

Front 46

Inhibiting one set of muscles while stimulating another.

Back 46

reciprocal innervations

Front 47

A reflex that involves the smooth muscle of the urinary bladder would be a [somatic/autonomic] reflex.

Back 47

autonomic

Front 48

A reflex that involved the medulla would be a [spinal/cranial] reflex.

Back 48

cranial

Front 49

The nerve responsible for flexing leg.

Back 49

sciatic

Front 50

the nerve responsible for flexing the thigh

Back 50

femoral

Front 51

the nerve responsible for extending and abducting the wrist

Back 51

radial

Front 52

the nerve that innervates the diaphragm

Back 52

phrenic

Front 53

the nerve that innervates the muscle that flexes the forearm

Back 53

musculocutaneous

Front 54

The anterior white columns are [myelinated/unmyelinated].

Back 54

myelinated

Front 55

[Ascending/descending] tracts are motor tracts.

Back 55

descending

Front 56

function of white commissure?

Back 56

connects the white matter of right and left sides of spinal cord

Front 57

function of intervertebral foramina?

Back 57

allows spinal nerves to pass through.

Front 58

function of cervical enlargement?

Back 58

nerves to and from upper limbs arise from here.

Front 59

What is meant by the term mixed nerve?

Back 59

contains both sensory and motor neurons

Front 60

function of ventral root?

Back 60

conducts impulses from spinal cord to the periphery

Front 61

function of proprioceptors?

Back 61

provide information about body position, muscle length tension, and the position and movement of our joints