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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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General Skeleton
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Adapted for: weight bearing
locomotion protection 206 Divisions: axial appendicular |
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Skull
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Cranial: enclose brain, mm attach
Facial: face, cavities for sense, opening for air and food, teeth, mm of face |
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Cranium
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Divided into: 1. cranial vault - superior, lateral, posterior
2. base - floor: a. anterior cranial fossa b. middle cranial fossa c. posterior cranial |
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Skull Cavities
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1. cranial cavity
2. smaller: inner ear, orbits, nasal (sinuses) 3. 85 passageways for - vessels, nerves, spinal cord |
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Occipital Bone
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Hypoglossal - 12
Ex Occipital Crest - ligamentum nuchae - secures vertebrae to our skull Nuchal - mm of neck and back |
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Temporal Bone
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Petrous Ridge
Jugular foramen - glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory (9-11) Int. Acoustic - facial, vestibulocochlear (7 + 8) |
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Sphenoid
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Pterygoid - pterygoid mm
sella turcica: hypophyseal fossa - pituitary gland Superior orbital fissure - occulomotor, trochlear, abducens Foramen rotundum - maxillary branch of trigeminal Ovale- mandibular branch Spinosum - middle meningeal artery |
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Ethmoid
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Cribriform - filaments of 1
Crista Galli - falx cerebri - portion of dura mater Superior, middle nasal conchae Orbital plates |
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Mandible
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Coronoid - temporalis m
mandibular f - inferior alveolar n mental - vessels, nerves to lip and chin |
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Maxilla
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incisive f - vessels, nerves
Inf. Orbital fissure - maxillary n (branch of trigeminal) Infraorbital f - infraorbital n |
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Special Parts of Skull
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1. Nasal cavity
2. Paranasal Sinuses 3. Orbits 4. Hyoid bone |
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Nasal Cavity
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Roof - cribriform of ethmoid
Floor - palatine bone Lateral - nasal bones, conchae, perpendicular plates of palatine Superior, Inf, Middle meatuses: under conchae |
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Paranasal Sinuses
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Loc: frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary
FCN: mucus warms, moistens, filters Lighten skull |
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Orbits
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Roof -lesser wing sphenoid, frontal
Lateral Wall - greater wing, zygomatic, Medial Wall - Sphenoid body, ethmoid, frontal proc. maxilla, lacrimal, nasal Floor - palatine, zygomatic, maxilla |
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Hyoid
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Moveable base for tongue
Body and greater horns: supra and infrahyoid mm lesser horns: stylohyoid lig |
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Vertebral
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26 bones
24 vertebra Intervertebral discs: nucleus pulposus - compressive stress anulus fibrosus - fibrocartilage - tension and torsion Ligaments: Anterior longitudinal - prevent displacement posterior long ligamentum flavum - between laminae - elastic |
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Vertebral Curvatures
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Increase resiliency
Primary - present at birth thoracic and sacral Secondary - 1st 2 yrs cervical and lumbar |
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Atlas
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lacks body and spinous
anterior posterior arches and tubercles lateral masses |
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C3-C7
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Small body
Shoft, bifid spinous vert foramen = triangular transverse foramen |
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T1-T12
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Heart shaped body - sup/inf costal facets
T10-12 have one facet sharp spinous, pointing inferior vert for = circle Transverse costal facets- tubercle of rib, except T11/12 |
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L1-L5
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Big kidney shaped body
short, thick pedicles and lamina short, flat spinous triangular vertebral foramen |
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Sternal angle
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allows body to swing anteriorly during inhalation
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Disorders of axial skeleton
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Scoliosis - usually in t-spine due to mm imbalance, leg length discrepancy
Kyphosis - thoracic hunch due to osteoporosis, poor posture, osteomalacia lordosis - lumbar - obesity, pregnancy, mm, malacia Stenosis of Lumbar - narrowing of vertebral canal, back pain secondary |
