The Skeletal System

Front 1

Idiopathic

Back 1

unknown cause

Front 2

Congenital

Back 2

present from birth

Front 3

Hereditary/Genetic

Back 3

present from conception

Front 4

Pathological

Back 4

caused by disease

Front 5

Primary

Back 5

first cause

Front 6

Secondary

Back 6

result of primary condition

Front 7

Functions of the Skeletal System

Back 7

(1) support of the body
(2) Protection of major organs
(3) storage of minerals
(4) Hematopoiesis-producing off all blood cells
(5) movement via attachments for muscles

Front 8

Short bones

Back 8

cube shaped: carpals and tarsals

Front 9

Irregular bones

Back 9

odd shaped: hip bones, skull, vertabrae

Front 10

Flat bones

Back 10

thin, flat, curved: ribs, skull scapula

Front 11

Long bones

Back 11

longer than they are wide: femur, humerus, phalanges

Front 12

Sesamoid bones

Back 12

small rounded bones embedded in tendons: patella (kneecap)

Front 13

Ligaments

Back 13

strong connective tissue; connect bone to bone

Front 14

Sinuses

Back 14

hollow areas in the facial bone lined with mucus: purpose: to make bones lighter

Front 15

Bone Surfaces

Back 15

Projections
Depressions
Openings

Front 16

Projections

Back 16

rounded, sharp, narrow, large ridges; attachments for muscles

Front 17

Depressions

Back 17

concave fittings; fittings for other bones

Front 18

Openings

Back 18

usually for nerves and blood vessels to go through

Front 19

Foramen magnum

Back 19

large opening at base of skull for spinal cord

Front 20

Structure of long bones

Back 20

two ends and a middle with bone marrow inside

Front 21

Diaphysis

Back 21

shaft or middle area of long bones; yellow bone marrow (fat)

Front 22

Compact bone

Back 22

thin, outer region of long bones

Front 23

Periosteum

Back 23

membrane surrounding compact bone; nourishes the bone via blood vessels

Front 24

Haversian canals

Back 24

tunnels in compact bone for blood vessels and nerves

Front 25

Compact bone has

Back 25

(1)Periosteum
(2) Haversian canals

Front 26

Medullary cavity

Back 26

inner region of diaphysis; yellow bone marrow

Front 27

Endosteum

Back 27

membrane lining the inside of the medullary cavity

Front 28

Yellow bone marrow

Back 28

storage side for fat

Front 29

Medullary cavity has:

Back 29

(1) endosteum
(2) yellow bone marrow

Front 30

Epiphyses

Back 30

two ends of the long bones: red bone marrow

Front 31

Articular cartilage

Back 31

cartilage lining the ends of the epiphysis

Front 32

Canellous (spongy, trabeculae)

Back 32

swiss cheese appearance; less dense

Front 33

Red bone marrow

Back 33

hematopoiesis; production of blood cells

Front 34

Epiphyseal disc/growth plate

Back 34

hyaline cartilage that seals when growth is finished; controls growth of bone

Front 35

Ossification

Back 35

the process of cartilage or connective tissue becoming bone

Front 36

Osteocytes

Back 36

mature bone cells

Front 37

Osteoblasts

Back 37

immature bone cells; build up bone tissue

Front 38

Osteocytes

Back 38

chewers of bone tissue

Front 39

Remodeling

Back 39

the sum of osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity

Front 40

Ca, P, Vitamin D

Back 40

are necessary for strong bone growth

Front 41

Divisons of skeletal system

Back 41

(1) axial
(2) appendicular

Front 42

Axial

Back 42

centrally located bones; skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, ossicles

Front 43

Appendicular

Back 43

peripheral bones; 2 girdles (shoulder and hips) plus extremities

Front 44

Pectoral/Shoulder girdles

Back 44

clavicle and scapula

Front 45

Pelvic/Hip girdles

Back 45

ilia, ischia, pubic bones

Front 46

Extremeties

Back 46

arms and legs

Front 47

Thorax

Back 47

chest area

Front 48

Ribs

Back 48

12 pair of flat bones that protect organs of the thoracic cavity; they articulate with the thoracic vertebrae

Front 49

True Ribs

Back 49

1-7; articulate with sternum

Front 50

False Ribs

Back 50

8-10; articulate with cartilage of the 7th rib

Front 51

Floating ribs

Back 51

11 and 12; do not articulate anteriorly

Front 52

Sternum

Back 52

Brestbone

Front 53

Manubrium

Back 53

proximal flat bone

Front 54

Body

Back 54

main part of sternum

Front 55

Xiphoid process

Back 55

sharp projection at the distal end; its a landmark for CPR

Front 56

Sternum is made up of

Back 56

(1) Manubrium
(2) Body
(3) Xiphoid process

Front 57

Appendicular Skelton

Back 57

2 girdles plus extremities

Front 58

Upper Extremities

Back 58

Pectoral girdle
Arm
Forearm

Front 59

Pectoral girdle

Back 59

clavicle and scapula

Front 60

arm

Back 60

upper extremities

Front 61

Arm

Back 61

Upper extremeties

Front 62

Humerus

Back 62

large upper arm bone

Front 63

Forearm

Back 63

lower arm bone

Front 64

Radius

Back 64

large lower arm bone, thumb side

Front 65

Ulna

Back 65

small lower arm bone; pinky side

Front 66

Olecranon process

Back 66

elbow

Front 67

Wrist

Back 67

8 bones; carpals

Front 68

Hand

Back 68

5 bones; metacarpals

Front 69

Pelvic (hip) girdle

Back 69

coxal bones; attach legs to body

Front 70

Ilia

Back 70

Largest, superior hip bones; good source of red bone marrow

Front 71

Ischia

Back 71

Inferior bones

Front 72

Pubic bones

Back 72

2 anterior pelvic bones

Front 73

Pubis symphysis

Back 73

area where the 2 pubic bones meet

Front 74

Male pelvis

Back 74

narrower than female

Front 75

Female

Back 75

Wider/broader

Front 76

Lower Extremities

Back 76

Thigh
Leg
Ankle
Foot

Front 77

Thigh

Back 77

Largest, strongest bone in the body; femur

Front 78

Acetabulum

Back 78

hip socket

Front 79

Patella

Back 79

kneecap

Front 80

Leg

Back 80

tibia and fibula

Front 81

Tibia

Back 81

larger bone in the leg; chin bone

Front 82

Fibula

Back 82

smaller bone in the leg

Front 83

Ankle

Back 83

tarsals

Front 84

Calcaneus

Back 84

heel bone

Front 85

Foot

Back 85

metatarsals

Front 86

Axial

Back 86

Skull, oscilles, vertebrae, sternum and ribs

Front 87

Skull (cranium)

Back 87

contains the brain and pituitary gland

Front 88

Bones of the skull

Back 88

(1) Frontal
(2) Parietal
(3) Occipital
(4) Temporal
(5) Sphenoid
(6) Ethmoid

Front 89

Frontal

Back 89

forehead

Front 90

Parietal

Back 90

wall of skull

Front 91

Occipital

Back 91

back of skull, base

Front 92

Temporal

Back 92

lower sides of skull (temple)

Front 93

Sphenoid

Back 93

bat-shaped bone

Front 94

Ethmoid

Back 94

behind nasal bones; attachments for meninges

Front 95

Sutures

Back 95

fused immoveable joints of the skull

Front 96

Fontanelles

Back 96

soft spots

Front 97

Facial

Back 97

bones of the face

Front 98

Mandible

Back 98

lower jawbone; only moveable bone in the face

Front 99

Maxilla

Back 99

2 fused bones; upper jaw bone

Front 100

Zygomatics

Back 100

cheek bones

Front 101

Nasal

Back 101

upper part of the nose

Front 102

Vomer

Back 102

base of the nose

Front 103

Conchae

Back 103

form the sides of the inner nasal cavity

Front 104

Lacrimal bones

Back 104

inner corner of each eye

Front 105

Palatine

Back 105

roof of mouth

Front 106

Spinal Column/Vertebrae

Back 106

26 bones; 5 divisions

Front 107

5 divisions of spinal column

Back 107

(1) cervical
(2) thoracic
(3) lumbar
(4) sacrum
(5) coccyx

Front 108

Cervical

Back 108

C1-C7; neck

Front 109

Atlas

Back 109

first neck bone

Front 110

Axis

Back 110

C2

Front 111

Thoracic

Back 111

T1-T12; chest area, articulate with ribs

Front 112

Lumbar

Back 112

L1-L5; waist area; largest and strongest vertebrae

Front 113

Sacrum

Back 113

one bone

Front 114

Coccyx

Back 114

one bone; tail bone C0

Front 115

Functions of Vertebral Column

Back 115

(1) supports head and neck
(2) attachment for pelvic girdle
(3) flexibility
(4) protects spinal cord

Front 116

Joints (articulations)

Back 116

areas where bones meet

Front 117

Arthrology

Back 117

study of joints

Front 118

Rheumatologist

Back 118

doctor that specializes in joint problems

Front 119

OA (osteoarthritis)

Back 119

inflammation of bone and joints

Front 120

DJD (degenerative joint disease)

Back 120

most common type

Front 121

RA (rheumatoid arthritis)

Back 121

autoimmune disorder (deforming)

Front 122

GA (gouty arthritis)

Back 122

secondary to uric acid

Front 123

3 main types of joints

Back 123

(1) Immovable
(2) Slightly moveable
(3) Freely moveable

Front 124

Immovable (synarthroses)

Back 124

fused bones: sutures of skull

Front 125

Slightly movable (amphiarthroses)

Back 125

cartilage between bones: vertebrae, public bones

Front 126

Freely movable (synovial joints)

Back 126

encapsulated joints: synovial fluid prevents friction

Front 127

Hinge

Back 127

elbows and knees

Front 128

Ball and socket

Back 128

shoulder and hips

Front 129

Pivot

Back 129

rotation; atlas swivels on axis (shake head no)

Front 130

Fractures

Back 130

breakage of bone

Front 131

Osteoporosis

Back 131

losing density of bone tissue

Front 132

Scoliosis

Back 132

abnormal lateral curve of T-spine

Front 133

Kyphosis

Back 133

abnormal posterior curve of T-spine

Front 134

Lordosis

Back 134

abnormal anterior cure of L-Spine

Front 135

Oncology

Back 135

Study of cancer

Front 136

Primary

Back 136

Main cancer

Front 137

Sarcoma

Back 137

cancer of connective tissue

Front 138

Secondary

Back 138

Metastasis