The Rna Viruses

Front 1

Orthomyxoviridae
Causes what illness?

Back 1

Influenza (the flu)
There are about 35-37 types.
Contains antigenic determinant sites: H & N

Front 2

Orthomyxoviridae: Influenza
Symptoms:

Back 2

1. Fever
2. Headache
3. Muscle Pain
4. Severe Coughing
5. Lasts 10 days or so
6. Can go into secondary infections like a viral or bacterial pneumonia.

Front 3

Orthomyxoviridae: Influenza
Transmission:

Back 3

Aerosols, complicated by overcrowdiing

Front 4

Orthomyxoviridae: Influenza
Treatment:

Back 4

No treatment; relieve symptoms (caution - use non-aspirin treatments because of the danger of Reyes Syndrome in children)

Front 5

Orthomyxoviridae: Influenza
Control:

Back 5

There is an excellent vaccine.
Note: There is zero chance to get the flu from today's vaccine.

Front 6

Orthomyxoviridae: Influenza
Characteristics:

Back 6

Nucleic Acid: RNA
Strandness: Single
Shape: Helical
Envelope: Enveloped

Front 7

Paramyxoviridae:
Causes what illness?

Back 7

mumps

Front 8

Paramyxoviridae: Mumps
Symptoms:

Back 8

1. Increase in severity relative to age (adolescents are of particular concern)
2. Swelling of lymph and salivary glands around jaw.
3. Goes away with time.
4. In young males, can affect epidemis and testes (which causes pain in the scrotal area).
5. Can cause sterility
6. In both mailes and females past puberty, hearing loss is a possibility.

Front 9

Paramyxoviridae: Mumps
Transmission:

Back 9

Aerosols
Any contact with saliva

Front 10

Paramyxoviridae: Mumps
Treatment:

Back 10

No treatment; relieve symptoms

Front 11

Paramyxoviridae: Mumps
Control:

Back 11

Vaccine - MMR (Mumps, Measles and Rubella)

Front 12

Paramyxoviridae: Mumps
Characteristics:

Back 12

Nucleic Acid: RNA
Strandness: Single
Shape: Helical
Envelope: Enveloped

Front 13

Paramyxoviridae:
Causes: What illness?

Back 13

Measles: Red measles, Rubelo, Morbilivirus

Front 14

Paramyxoviridae: Measles
Symptoms

Back 14

1. Common illness
2. Dry cough
3. Sore Throat
4. Fever
5. Rash that forms in the mouth and can move over entire body.
6. Typically, a children's disease.

Front 15

Paramyxoviridae: Measles
Complications:

Back 15

In 1 in 1 million cases, it will advance to the brain stem and can cause coma and death.

Front 16

Paramyxoviridae: Measles
Transmission:

Back 16

Aerosols - highly contagious

Front 17

Paramyxoviridae: Measles
Treatment:

Back 17

No Treatment; relieve symptoms

Front 18

Paramyxoviridae: Measles
Control:

Back 18

MMR Vaccine (Mumps, Measles,and Rubella)

Front 19

Paramyxoviridae: Measles
Characteristics:

Back 19

Nucleic Acid: RNA
Strandness: Single
Shape: Helical
Envelope: Enveloped

Front 20

Paramyxoviridae:
What illness does it cause?

Back 20

RSV - ( Respiratory syncytial virus) a fairly common respiratory infection. Also called "Rales"

Front 21

Paramyxoviridae: RSV
Symptoms:

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1. Mainly in children and newborns.
2. #1 Respiratory infection
3. Heavy bronchial coughing
4. Wheezing (Rales)
5. Can advance into pneumonia.

Front 22

Paramyxoviridae: RSV
Transmission:

Back 22

Aerosols

Front 23

Paramyxoviridae: RSV
Treatment:

Back 23

Synagis (attaches to virus and causes it to not be so severe).

Front 24

Paramyxoviridae: RSV
Control:

Back 24

No control

Front 25

Paramyxoviridae: RSV
Characteristics:

Back 25

Nucleic Acid: RNA
Strandness: Single
Shape: Helical
Envelope: Enveloped

Front 26

Rhabdoviridae:
What illness does it cause;

Back 26

Rabies - very spotted in geographical areas of outbreaks.
Very well contained in nature because it "burns itself out" quickly

Front 27

Rhabdoviridae: Rabies
Symptoms:

Back 27

1. Around trauma site, after 7 days, the area doesn't heal. After the 7th day, it has spread to point of no return. It will go to the CNS and spread throughout the body. The spread can take anywhere from 30-60 days.
2. Disorientation, agitation, memory loss, throat and neck pain (caused by it setting up in the brain stem).
3. Hydrophobia - extreme fear of water. Because of this, patients don't drink and then "cotton mouth" occurs (a frothing in the mouth).
4. Lapse into coma and typically death occurs as a result of a heart attack (100% fatal)

Front 28

Rhabdoviridae: Rabies
Transmission:

Back 28

Mammal bite
Aerosols are a possibility
Organ donations are a possibility

Front 29

Rhabdoviridae: Rabies
Treatment:

Back 29

1.Immunoglobulin and full set of vaccinations administered quickly.
2. Rapid response is critical

Front 30

Rhabdoviridae: Rabies
Control:

Back 30

Vaccination of domestic animals.
Vaccine for high risk humans (vets, scientists, etc.)

Front 31

Rhabdoviridae: Rabies
Characteristics:

Back 31

Nucleic Acid: RNA
Strandness: Single
Shape: Helical
Envelope: Enveloped

Front 32

Coronaviridae
What illness does it cause?

Back 32

SARS - Severe acute respiratory syndrome

Front 33

Coronaviridae: SARS
Symptoms

Back 33

1. Has possibility of becoming epidemic
2. High fever
3. Diarrhea
4. Can develop into severe pneumonia

Front 34

Coronaviridae: SARS
Transmission:

Back 34

Aerosols (easily transmittable)

Front 35

Coronaviridae: SARS
Treatment

Back 35

No treatment, relieve symptoms

Front 36

Coronaviridae: SARS
Control

Back 36

No control

Front 37

Togaviridae:
What illness does it cause?

Back 37

Rubella (caused by Rubivirus)
Sometimes incorrectly called Three Day Measles or German measles.

Front 38

Togaviridae: Rubella
Two forms of illness create two types of symptoms: Symptom One

Back 38

Post natal form:
1. Sore throat
2. Fever
3. Overall body weakness
4. Frequently diagnosed as the flu, but after a few weeks, it doesn't go away.
5. Pinkish rash starts on face and spreads
6. Recovery complete
7. Active immunity

Front 39

Togaviridae: Rubella
Two forms of illness create two types of symptoms: Symptom 2

Back 39

Congenital form:
1. Pregnant female exposed to Rubella - virus will cross placenta and infect fetus.
2. 1st trimester - Miscarriage
3. 2nd trimester - possible limb loss and neurologicl problems that can continue through third trimester

Front 40

Togaviridae: Rubella
Transmission:

Back 40

Aerosols - easily transmittable.

Front 41

Togaviridae: Rubella
Control:

Back 41

1. Vaccine - MMR (mumps, measles and rubella)
2. All pregnant females avoid exposure

Front 42

Togaviridae: Rubella
Characteristics:

Back 42

Nucleic Acid: RNA
Strandness: RNA
Shape: Single
Envelope: Enveloped

Front 43

Togaviridae:
What illness does it cause:

Back 43

Yellow Fever - Tropical infection (not seen frequently in the U.S.); mostly in tropics - South America, Central America, Africa (most prevalent)

Front 44

Togaviridae: Yellow Fever
Symptoms:

Back 44

1. Affects humans, cattle, rats
2. Fever
3. Headache
4. Muscle pain
5. Gums bleed
6. Jaundice - liver problems - deaths occur due to kidney and liver problems.

Front 45

Togaviridae: Yellow Fever
Transmission:

Back 45

Mosquito bite - sucks blood from mammals then to another mammal

Front 46

Togaviridae: Yellow Fever
Treatment

Back 46

No treatment, relieve symptoms

Front 47

Togaviridae: Yellow Fever
Control

Back 47

1. Vaccine: poor, but worth it if you are going to tropics
2. Insect repellent and/or netting
3. Mosquito control - drain swampy areas

Front 48

Togaviridae: Yellow Fever
Characteristics:

Back 48

Nucleic Acid: RNA
Strandness: Single
Shape: Polyhedral
Envelope: Enveloped

Front 49

Bunyaviridae
What illness does it cause?

Back 49

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) caused by "muerto Canyon" virus, also called "sin nombre" (without name)
Entire family of virus is carried by mice transmission

Front 50

Bunyaviridae: HPS (Hanta virus)
Symptoms:

Back 50

1. Burns itself out really quickly
2. High Fever
3. Turns into pneumonia that results in Pulmonary problems
4. Onset of fever to death can be 24 hours
5. If patient lasts 72 hours, will probably recover
6. Overall death rate is 33%

Front 51

Bunyaviridae: HPS (Hanta virus)
Transmission:

Back 51

Aerosols - dust particles where mouse fecal/urine materials reside.

Front 52

Bunyaviridae: HPS (Hanta virus)
Treatment:

Back 52

No treatment, relieve symptoms

Front 53

Bunyaviridae: HPS (Hanta Virus)
Control

Back 53

Dust Masks
Be careful in cleaning out areas of mice infestation due to dust particulates

Front 54

Bunyaviridae: HPS (Hanta virus)
Characteristics:

Back 54

Nucleic Acid: RNA
Strandness: Single
Shape: Helical
Envelope: Enveloped

Front 55

Filovaridae:
What illness does it cause:

Back 55

Ebola fever (caused by ebola virus)
Outbreaks relatively rare and typically small.

Front 56

Filovaridae: Ebola fever
Symptoms:

Back 56

1. Burns itself out quickly
2. Acute internal bleeding
3. Progresses to "bleeding out" - eats up internal organs
4. Bleeding from all body orifices (nose, eyes, sweating blood)
5. Death is typically in 7-10 days
6. 80-90% mortality rate

Front 57

Filovaridae: Ebola fever
Transmission:

Back 57

Contact with bodily fluids

Front 58

Filovaridae: Ebola fever
Treatment

Back 58

No treatment, relieve symptoms

Front 59

Filovaridae: Ebola fever
Control

Back 59

1. Isolation (in Zaire, military quarantine)
2. Good antiseptic practices
3. Don't touch patient

Front 60

Filovaridae: Ebola fever
Characteristics:

Back 60

Nucleic Acid: RNA
Strandness: Single
Shape: Helical
Envelope: Enveloped

Front 61

Flaviviridae:
What illness does it cause:

Back 61

West Nile fever caused by West Nile virus.
Endemic to Africa, carried largely by birds.
Jumped from Africa to US via mainly crows.
Most cases in US are in DFW/Corsicana area. If you want to worry about one, this would be it.

Front 62

Flaviviridae: West Nile fever
Symptoms:

Back 62

1. Flu-like symptoms that later develop into encephalitis.
2. Relatively few cases - mortality rates are not calculated because of rarity.

Front 63

Flaviviridae: West Nile fever
Transmission:

Back 63

Mosquito bite

Front 64

Flaviviridae: West Nile fever
Treatment:

Back 64

No treatment; relieve symptoms

Front 65

Flaviviridae: West Nile fever
Control:

Back 65

Insect repellent like "Off"

Front 66

Flaviviridae:
Characteristics:

Back 66

Nucleic Acid: RNA
Strandness: Single
Shape: Polyhedral
Envelope: Enveloped

Front 67

Flaviviridae:
What illness does it cause:

Back 67

Non-AB Hepatitis: Those above the regular Hep A and Hep B - like the C,D,E ones

Front 68

Flaviviridae: Non AB Hepatitis
Symptoms:

Back 68

1. Make take years before it manifests
2. Fever
3. Rash
4. Joint Pain
5. Infection of liver causing jaundice - which leads to complication of liver damage, liver failure, or causes liver cancers.
6. Total recovery is rare.

Front 69

Flaviviridae: Non AB Hepatitis
Transmission:

Back 69

1. Sexually transmitted
2. Transplants
3. Needle sharing (drug abuse)

Front 70

Flaviviridae: Non AB Hepatitis
Treatment:

Back 70

1. Interferon
2. Ribavirin (not a cure, but slows it down)

Front 71

Flaviviridae: Non AB Hepatitis
Control:

Back 71

Avoid modes of transmission

Front 72

Flaviviridae: Non AB Hepatitis
Characteristics:

Back 72

Nucleic Acid: RNA
Strandness: Single
Shape: Polyhedral
Envelope: Enveloped

Front 73

Picornaviridae:
What illness does it cause:

Back 73

Polio (caused by poliomyelitis virus)
This is the 2nd human disease to be almost totally eradicated from the world.

Front 74

Piconaviridae: Poliomyelitis
Symptoms:

Back 74

1. Some time of paralysis of skeletal muscles (usually legs)
2. Death occurs when it hits diaphram

Front 75

Piconaviridae: Poliomyelitis
Transmission:

Back 75

Fecal/oral
Fomites

Front 76

Picornaviridae: Poliomyelitis
Treatment:

Back 76

No treatment; relieve symptoms
Muscle Therapy

Front 77

Picornaviridae: Poliomyelitis
Control:

Back 77

Salk Vaccine - best one
Sabin Vaccine - easiest to use
Good Sanitation

Front 78

Picornaviridae:
What illness does it cause:

Back 78

Common colds due to rhinoviris 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9...
Many (100 + types of virus)
Prefers 33 degrees celcius (avg temp of human nose)

Front 79

Picornaviridae: Common Cold
Rhinovirus
Symptoms:

Back 79

1. Headache
2. Chills
3. Fatigue
4. Nasal drainage
5. lasts +/- 10 days

Front 80

Picornaviridae: Common Cold
Rhinovirus
Transmission:

Back 80

Aerosols and direct contact

Front 81

Picornaviridae: Common Cold
Rhinovirus
Treatment:

Back 81

No treatment; relieve symptoms

Front 82

Picornaviridae: Common Cold
Rhinovirus
Control:

Back 82

Vitamin C
Increase hand washing

Front 83

Picornaviridae: Common Cold
Rhinovirus
Characteristics:

Back 83

Nucleic Acid: RNA
Strandness: Single
Shape: Polyhedral
Envelope: Naked

Front 84

Picornaviridae:
What illness does it cause:

Back 84

Hand-foot-mouth disease (commonly called Hoof and Mouth Disease) Coxsacie A virus - A's are usually mild infections, unlike B's that may be life threatening.

Front 85

Picornaviridae: Hand-foot-mouth Disease
Symptoms

Back 85

1. Mild
2. Lesions on the extremities and mouth
3. Self-limiting

Front 86

Picornaviridae: hoof and mouth disease
Transmission:

Back 86

Fecal/oral

Front 87

Picornaviridae: hoof and mouth disease
Treatment

Back 87

No treatment; relieve symptoms

Front 88

Picornaviridae: hoof and mouth disease
Control

Back 88

Little control
Vitamin C may help

Front 89

Picornaviridae: hoof and mouth disease
Characteristics:

Back 89

Nucleic Acid: RNA
Strandness: Single
Shape: Polyhedral
Envelope: Naked

Front 90

Picornaviridae:
What illness does it cause:

Back 90

Short-term hepatitis - Hepatitis A. Fairly distinguished from other 2 types.

Front 91

Picornaviridae: Hepatitis A
Symptoms:

Back 91

1. Jaundice (affects liver)
2. If healthy, recovery is complete after about 7 days
3. Immune-suppressed individuals most affected

Front 92

Picornaviridae: Hepatitis A
Transmission:

Back 92

Fecal/Oral

Front 93

Picornaviridae: Hepatitis A
Treatment

Back 93

No Treatment; relieve symptoms

Front 94

Picornaviridae: Hepatitis A
Control

Back 94

Good sanitation

Front 95

Picornaviridae: Hepatitis A
Characteristics:

Back 95

Nucleic Acid: RNA
Strandness: Single
Shape: Polyhedral
Envelope: Naked

Front 96

Retroviridae
What illness does it cause?

Back 96

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Human immunodeficiency virus 1, 2 and possible more.
Origins in Africa but Amazonian Indians show antibodies. Virus will attack T cell and macrophages, weakening the immune system

Front 97

Retroviridae: AIDS
Symptoms:

Back 97

1. May take up to 10+ years to appear after infection
2. Fever
3. Weight loss
4. Fatigue
5. Swollen lymph glands

Front 98

Retroviridae: AIDS
Complications:

Back 98

Deaths due to secondary pneumonias, cancers or leukemias

Front 99

Retroviridae: AIDS
Transmission:

Back 99

Sexual
Transfer of blood or blood products
Breast milk
(Main mode of transmission varies according to culture)

Front 100

Retroviridae: AIDS
Treatment

Back 100

Relieve symptoms
Cocktail of drugs (AZT, ddI, 3T3 and protease inhibitors) containing inhibitors reduce viral numbers but must be taken at specific time in specific quantities.

Front 101

Retroviridae: AIDS
Control:

Back 101

Avoid high risk modes of transmission.
No vaccine, but getting closer

Front 102

Retroviridae: AIDS
Characteristics:

Back 102

Nucleic Acid: RNA
Strandness: Single
Shape: Helical
Envelope: Enveloped

Front 103

Reoviridae:
* Doesn't attack humans

Back 103

Nucleic Acid: RNA
Strandness: Double
Shape: Polyhedral
Envelope: Naked