Micro Exam 3- Rna Viruses

Front 1

Orthomyxo A, B, C

Back 1

IA: Humans and animals strains, Pandemics
B: Human, major influenza
C: Human, mild respiratory track infections no influenza

Respiratory, Flu Like

Front 2

Orthomyx general features

*Winter months!

Back 2

-ssRNA, segmented 8, lipid containing envelope, replicates in nucleus!, Respiratory airborne droplets

Front 3

Orthomyxo virulence factors
HA, NA

Back 3

1. Hemagglutin HA: binds to RBCs to initiate infection
2. Neuraminidase NA: breaks down neuraminic acid to release progeny into infected cell

Front 4

Antigenic Shifts

Antigenic Drifts

Back 4

Shift: major change, reassortment, pandemics

Drift: minor changes, mutations, epidemics

(Influenza A)

Front 5

Ortho Pathogenesis

Back 5

Inhaled, NA degrades mucous layers, upper lower resp tract, cytokines, IgA

Front 6

Do you see vomit and diarrhea in Ortho Influenza?

Back 6

NO!

Front 7

What syndrome is associated with ASPIRIN therapy and Orthomyx?

*like VZV

Back 7

Reye's Syndrome in children

Front 8

Symptoms associated with Orthomyx

Back 8

headache, body pain, sore throat, cough SUDDENLY

Front 9

Should Ortho vaccine be given with egg allergies?

Back 9

No.

Front 10

Orthomyx treatment

Back 10

Amantadine- prevents viral uncoating of influenza A and symtoms

NA inhibitors: shorten duration
Zanamivir (inhaled!)
Oseltamivir (oral)

Front 11

What Syndrome is a side effect of Vaccine use in Orthomyx? Old vaccine, with swine infuenza strain

Back 11

Guillian Barre- ascending paralysis

Front 12

What makes Orthomyx different from Paramyxo?

Back 12

Ortho is:
Segmented
Smaller
Ha and Na are on DIFFERENT spikes
No giant cell formation
No fusion M protein

Front 13

What four pathogens come from Paramyxo?

Back 13

Measeles, Mumps, RSV, Parainfluenza

Front 14

Paramyx general features...

Back 14

ssRNA, genome is not infectious, Ha Na, Fusion protein

Front 15

How is measles spread?

Back 15

Respiratory droplets

Front 16

What does syncytia mean?

Back 16

Cell to Cell fusion, evades antibodies!

Front 17

Measles Rubeola, epidemics in?

Back 17

Children, highly contagious

Front 18

Does Measles have HA and NA?

Back 18

Ha but no Na!

Front 19

What are the 3c&p of measles?

Back 19

Hacking cough, coryza, conjuctivitis, photophobia

Front 20

What are Koplik Spots and where are they seen?

Back 20

mucous membrane lesions on day 2-3, gray dots on red base near Stensen duct of oral cavitity ‘grains of salt’

Front 21

When is the patient sickest in Measles?

Back 21

The day rash appears
Maculopapular rash just below ears then spreads

Front 22

Measles Pneumonia

Back 22

60% death
Warthin Finkeldey Giant cells in lung

Front 23

Encephalitis with Measles

Back 23

1/200 15% die
7-10 days after acute disease
Headache, Seizures, Coma, Demyelination of neurons

Front 24

Giant Cell Pneumonia in Measles

Back 24

NO RASH!!
Immunocompramised Kids

Front 25

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis in Measles

SSPE

Back 25

late neurologic complication, kids less than 2, 5-10 yrs later manifests
-Personality/behavior changes: loss of memory, muscle spasm, spacticity, blindness, hi levels of antibody in serum/CSF

Front 26

Lab diagnosis of Measles

Back 26

Koplik Spots, Multinucleated Giant Cells

Front 27

Major cause of upper respiratory disease in kids?

Back 27

Parainfluenza Virus

Front 28

Steeple Sign

Back 28

Subglottic narrowing in Parainfluenza

Front 29

Parainfluenza Virus

Back 29

1,2,3,4a,4b
Mild Upper Resp Infections
Droplet Nuclei
50% Otitis media
15% Croup

Front 30

Croup

Back 30

Barking cough, hoarse voice, stridor, steeple sign

Front 31

Mumps/Parotits

Back 31

acute benign viral swelling of parotid glands, lifelong natural immunity, droplet nuclei, often asymptomatic, Bilateral parotitis with fever, Sterility from Orchitis/testicles

Front 32

I say Bilateral Parotitis with a fever

you say?

Back 32

Mumps!

(late winter, early spring)

Front 33

When and what do you culture for mumps?

Back 33

Saliva- 5 days after onset
Urine- 14 days after onset

Front 34

What vaccine should be given and when?

Mumps, Measles, Rubella

Back 34

MMR 15 months

Front 35

Respiratory Syncytial Virus, RSV

Back 35

Epidemic winter resp tract infections in infants/young, kids before 4, droplet nuc/fomites/fingers, Bronchiolitis, *scared patient, low fever, increased breathing, fatal in immunocomp

Front 36

What test should be done for RSV?

Back 36

Antigen test

Front 37

What is the Rx for RSV?

Back 37

Aerosol Ribavirin

Front 38

Scared patient with increased breathing, low fever, Bronchiolitis, comes to you in the winter

You say?

Back 38

RSV
*MCC of pneumonia is <6mo

Bronchiolitis: low fever, tachypnea, tachycardia, cyanosis, wheezing, scared patient

Front 39

What is the second most common cause of the common cold?

Back 39

Coronavirus, not affiliated with the beer. haha

Front 40

Cornonavirus

Back 40

Atypical pneumonia, Common cold, SARS

Front 41

Coronavirus features

Back 41

Nonsegmented, ssRNA+, enveloped, helical CLUB shaped spikes

Front 42

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Back 42

Atypical pneumonia, fever 38 deg, nonprod cough, hypoxia, Xray shows ground glass infiltrates intersititially but do not cavitate

Front 43

Togavirus- Alpha virus

Back 43

Western Equine Encephalitis WEE

Eastern Equine Encephalitis EEE

-Venezuelan equine

Front 44

Togavirus general features

Back 44

ssRNA, no segments, replicates in cytoplasm, enveloped, placental spread, or respiratory droplets

Front 45

Togavirus:Rubella

Back 45

Blueberry Muffin, TORCH, Respiratory virus

Front 46

Where does Togavirus replicate?

Back 46

nasopharynx and lymph nodes

Front 47

Rubella

Back 47

14-21 incubation period
Fever, Malaise
Maculopapular rash on face then extremities
Posterior Auricular lymphadenopathy

Front 48

Older women with Rubella get?

Back 48

Polyarthritis

Front 49

You see a deaf, jaundice, Patent Ductos Arterial, Small head, Cataract'ed baby you say?

Back 49

CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME!

Front 50

Why is a Rubella infected baby a public hazard? *this is not a joke haha

Back 50

Baby infected in utero can continue to excrete rubella for months

Front 51

The presence of what virus is needed to culture Rubella?

Back 51

Echovirus

Front 52

Tell me again when MMR is given!? Should everyone get it?

Back 52

15 months
Not pregnant women or immunocomped

Front 53

You see a baby with Posterior Auricular Lymph swelling and a Maculopapular rash you say?

Back 53

RUBELLA, ELLA, ELLA

Front 54

Is Rubella Teratogenic? If yes, haha what does that mean?

Back 54

YES.
Disturbs normal mitosis, growth and chromosomal structure in fetus.

Front 55

TORCH Rubella

Back 55

Maternal infection first 8 wks
Hearing loss
Congenital Heart Defect= PDA
Cataracts
Small head

Front 56

Rubella Lab Diagnosis

Back 56

IgM= current
IgG= immunity/old

Front 57

Reovirus, what does REO stand for?

Back 57

Respiratory Enteric Orphan Virus

Front 58

Reovirus features

Back 58

Nonenveloped RNA, double stranded!!, Segmented, Rotavirus, Fecal Oral, Winter time

Front 59

Most common cause of infantile nonbloody diarrhea is? (viral gasterenteritis in young children)

Back 59

Reovirus/Rotavirus, then E Coli

Front 60

How can Rota be distinguished from bacterial diarrhea?

Back 60

No Leukocytes in stool
ELISA

Front 61

Colorado Tick Fever

Back 61

Wood Tick Borne
Western USA, South West Canada

Front 62

Patient with fever, chills, photophobia, lethargy, leukopenia, profound prostration and weakness has...

Back 62

Colorado Tick Fever

Front 63

Calcivirus

Back 63

Norwalk agent, ssRNA, naked, fecal oral, HepE

Front 64

Patient with explosive self-limited viral gasteroenteritis, fever, abdominal pain, vomit, diarrhea with or without pus/blood has?

Back 64

Calicivirus

*give intravenous fluids
*Infants could die with this!

Front 65

Filovirus

Back 65

Marburg and Ebola virus

Front 66

Filovirus features

Back 66

ssRNA, nonsegmented, enveloped, humans and monkies in SubSaharan Africa, hi mortality,

Front 67

Acute viral hemorrhagic fever from medical instruments

Back 67

Filovirus

Front 68

Somnolence is seen in?

*sleepy/drowsy

Back 68

Filovirus Acute Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
(fever, headache, myalgia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, pharyngitis, hiccups, cough)

Front 69

Arenavirus features

Back 69

ssRNA, segmented, enveloped, zoonotic

Front 70

How is Arenavirus spread

*GROSS

Back 70

Rodent Urine, inhalation, ingestion of fomites

Front 71

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis is seen in

Back 71

Arenavirus

Influenza like, sometimes viral meningitis

Front 72

Arena: Lassa fever

Back 72

fever, sore throat, ab pain, intractable vomiting, hypotension, fatal!

Rx: Ribavirin

Front 73

What is Kuru?

Back 73

New Guinea tribes
Laughing, Dementia, Spastic jerky, Confusion, Memory Loss, Headache, Apathy

Front 74

Bornavirus
*first detected in horses
*Schizo
*

Back 74

Enveloped, Rna virus, spreads via CNS, loss of memory/learning, contributes to: Autism, Shizo, Depresson, Bipolar

Rx: Ribavirin

Front 75

What does Flavivirus cause?

Back 75

Yellow fever, Dengue fever, St. Louis Encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis

Front 76

Flavivirus features

Back 76

ssRNA, nonsegmental
Vector: Mosquitoes

Front 77

Yellow Fever

Back 77

Hepatomegaly with Jaundice!
Fever, Backache, Black Vomit

Front 78

What is the vector for Yellow Fever and Dengue Fever?

Back 78

Aedes

Front 79

You see black vomit you "yell"?

Back 79

Yellow Fever

Front 80

Dengue Fever = Break Bone Fever

Back 80

Painful fever, headache, muscle/joint aches, hemorrhage, shock, thrombocytopenia

Front 81

West Nile Fever

Back 81

FLACID paralysis

Front 82

Bunyavirus general features

Back 82

ssRNA, segmented
Vector: Arthropod, except Hanta
California Encephalitis Virus
Lacrosse Virus
Hantavirus
Sandfly fever
Rift Valley Fever

Front 83

You see fever and encephalopathy in summer with recent bite

Back 83

California Encephalitis Virus

Front 84

Bleeding gums, Hemorrhage, Petechie, Fever

Back 84

Rift Valley Fever

*vaccine

Front 85

Hantavirus

Back 85

Pulmonary infections

Front 86

Picornavirus general features

Back 86

ssRNA, naked, tissue tropism, fecal/oral, resistant to harsh, 5 families

Front 87

What are the 5 families of Picornavirus

Back 87

Enterovirus= Polio, Coxsac, Echovirus
Rhinovirus
Cardiovirus
Apthovirus
Heparnavirus-HepA

Front 88

Poliovirus- types
*lower motor neurons

Back 88

Asymptomatic
Abortive
Nonparalytic
Paralytic

Front 89

Polio Vaccine drama

Back 89

Sabin vaccine given to kids, fecal/oral transmission of infection thru bloody stools

Front 90

Is there sensory loss in Polio?

Back 90

No.

Front 91

Coxsackie A Disease

Back 91

Hand Foot Mouth
Ulcer in mouth, rash on palms and soles
Cutaneous lesions w/ erythema

Front 92

Coxsackie B

Back 92

Muscle disease
Pleurodynia

Front 93

Abrupt onset of painful spasm in lower rib cage or upper abs

Back 93

Coxsacie B
*complete recovery

Front 94

Rhinovirus= common cold

Back 94

Can't replicate in GIT track
Temperature sensitive
Liable to acidic pH

Front 95

What is released during the common cold

Back 95

Bradykinin and Histamine