The Respiratory System Part 1

Front 1

Primary function of the respiratory system:

Back 1

Absorption of O2 and excretion of CO2

(Gas Exchange)

Front 2

External respiration:

Back 2

Gas Exchange between tissue, cells, and systemic capillary blood.

Front 3

The respiratory system includes:

Back 3

Upper airways,chest wall,respiratory muscles, lower airways,pulmonary blood vessels,support nerves, and lymphatics

Front 4

Respiratory system also:

Back 4

Humidifies and warms inspired air while removing inhaled contaminants and filtering out chemicals.

Front 5

Conducting airways are:

Back 5

Necessary for ventilation but no gas exchange happens here.

Front 6

Conducting airways: also know as

Back 6

Anatomical dead space. Does not participate in gas exchange.

Front 7

Upper Respiratory Tract (URT)

Back 7

Starts at the nose and extends to the trachea.

Front 8

URT is composed of

Back 8

Nasal cavity,sinuses,oral cavity,pharynx and larynx.

Front 9

Functions of the upper airways

Back 9

Passageway for gas flow, filter, heater,humidification, smell and taste, phonation, protects the lower airway.

Front 10

Nasal cavity:

Back 10

Vestibules contain gross hairs working as a filter, concha, olfactory cells, surface fluid

Front 11

Concha or turbinates

Back 11

3 shelf like bones projecting from the lateral walls. Function-increased surface area for filtering,warming and humidifying inhaled gases

Front 12

Sinuses

Back 12

4sets- frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary

Function-reduces weight of head,strengthen the skull and modify voice

Front 13

Pharynx 3types

Back 13

Nasopharynx-nasal cavity to uvula

Oropharynx-uvula to tip of epiglottis

Laryngopharynx-epiglottis to larynx

Front 14

Patent

Back 14

Open

Front 15

Sniff position

Back 15

To open the airway to facilitate artificial airway insertion

Front 16

Lower respiratory tract

Back 16

Everything distal to the larynx

Front 17

Airway walls

Back 17

Mucsoa-inner

Submucosa- middle

Adventitia- outer

Front 18

Cilia

Back 18

Tiny hair like structures that help propel mucus toward the pharynx

Front 19

Can cause damage to cilia

Back 19

Smoke, oxygen without humidity

*They can grow back

Front 20

Trachea (windpipe)

Back 20

Extends from below the cricoid to sternal angle

Front 21

Size of trachea

Back 21

11-13cm long 1.5-2.5cm in diameter

Height and gender can make a difference in size

Divides into R and L main stem bronchi

Right is longer than left

Front 22

Right bronchus

Back 22

Branches at about a 25° angle

Front 23

Left bronchus

Back 23

Branches at a 40-60° angle

Front 24

Aspiration is more common in

Back 24

The right bronchus

Front 25

Terminal bronchioles

Back 25

Smallest airway

Front 26

Right lung has

Back 26

3 lobes

Front 27

Left lung has

Back 27

2 lobes

Front 28

Alveoli

Back 28

Primary function is gas exchange

15-20 grape like clusters at the end of terminal bronchioles

Manufacture surfactant

Front 29

Alveolar epithelium

Back 29

Two cells types

Type1 squamous pneumocyte-95% alveolar surface major site of gas exchange

Type2 granular pneumocyte-5% primary source of surfactant

Front 30

Pores of kohn

Back 30

Permit gas to move between alveoli