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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nasal cavity |
-turbinate bones -capillaries warm air to body temp -hairs filter particles -ciliated epithilium |
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Oral Cavity |
-cells need o2 for cellular respiration, more o2 is provided |
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Pharynx |
-Branches into trachea & esophagus; glottis -Epiglottis closes over trachea when swallowing |
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Larynx |
-2 bands of cartilage called vocal chords -vocal chords contract causing vibration |
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Trachea |
-allows air to pass from pharynx to lungs -cartilage rings prevent trachea from collapsing -ciliated epithilium tissue lines trachea -mucus traps foreign particles |
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Bronchi |
-trachea splits into 2 bronchi -cartilage rings, cilia & mucus |
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Bronchioles |
-bronchi branch into bronchioles -delivers air to all regions of lungs -no cartilage, can swell during anaphylactic shock |
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Alveoli |
-bronchioles continue branching -end in cluster of tiny sacs called alveoli -has exchange occurs here |
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Lungs |
-thoracic cavity -right lung has 3 lobes, left has 2 -inner pleura attached to lungs -outer pleuron attached to thoracic cavity & diaphragm -fluid between pleura relieves friction |
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Explain emphysema |
Alveoli lose elasticity & disintegrate |
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Co2 |
Bonds to hemoglobin |
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Pleurisy |
Infection between lungs & pleural membrane |
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Bronchitis & Asthma |
Bronchioles swell |
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Pneumonia |
-infection & fluid in the alveoli -lung tissue swells |
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Lactic acid |
C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3-> 2 Lactic Acid Builds stiffness & soreness in muscles |
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Ethanol |
C6H12O6-> 2C3H6O3-> 2C2H5OH
used to make bread ride |
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Anaerobic respjrarion |
Ethanol fermentation- Yeast Lactic Acid fermentation- muscle |
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Oxidative respiration |
Pyruvate transported into mitochondria, reacted with O2 producing co2 & h2o & 34 ATP molecules |
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Glycolysis |
Glucose converted to pyruvate, produces 2 ATP, in cytoplasm |
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ATP |
Adenosine Triphosphate |
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Aerobic respiration |
With 02, 36 mol of ATP |
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Anaerobic respiration |
Without o2, 2 mol of ATP |
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Oxidative Respiration |
2C3H6O3 + 6O2–> 6CO2+6H2O In mitochondria |
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Glycolysis |
C6H12O6-> 2C3H6O3 In cytoplasm |
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Vital Capacity |
Max amount of air which can be inhaled or exhale |
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Expiratory reserve volume |
Max volume of air which can be expelled of air exhaled |
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Inspiratory reserve volume |
Max volume of air which can be inhaled after normal inhalation |
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Regulation of breathing |
Co2 becomes carbonic Acid Ph level drops triggering medulla oblongata which contracts diaphragm & intercostal muscles Restores ph, deactivation chemoreceptors |
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Exhalation |
Diaphragm relaxes Intercostal relax Lowering rib cage |
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Inhalation |
Diaphragm contracts Intercostal muscles lift rib cage up & away |
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What detects changes in ph level? |
Chemoreceptors |
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What is breathing controlled by? |
Medulla oblongata |
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Cellular respiration |
Chemical reaction occurring in mitochondria to produce energy using o2 & co2 as waste
Brings o2 to the cells |
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External Respiration |
Exchange of gases between air & the blood |
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What is internal respiration? |
Exchange of gases between cells & the blood |
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Front (Term) |
Nasal cavity Turbinate bones Superior lobe Middle lobe Inferior lobe Pharynx Epiglottis Larynx Trachea Rib Lung Bronchus Bronchioles Alveolus Diaphragm |
