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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the nervous system and what is its function?
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The body's electrical communication system. Allows the changes within the body to be detected, interpreted and reacted so that homeostasis can be maintained. |
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What is homeostasis?
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Maintaining a constant internal environment.
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Simply explain how the nervous system functions. |
receptors detect stimulus > stimulus interpreted by the CNS > response sent from CNS to effectors > effectors react |
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What is the function of an effector?
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To bring about change.
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What is the involuntary subdivision of the PNS and what does it consist of? |
Autonomic Nervous System
consists of: - sympathetic nervous system (stimulating function) - parasympathetic nervous system (relaxing function) |
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Name the two sub-systems within the nervous system.
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Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System |
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Don't forget! |
Table on p.151 |
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What does the CNS consist of?
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The brain and spinal cord.
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What is the function of a neuron?
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To carry nerve impulses.
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What is the function of a sensory/unipolar neuron?
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Carry impulses from receptors toward (afferent)the CNS.
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What is the function of a connector neuron?
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Receive impulses from sensory neurons to pass them on.
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What is the function of a motor/multipolar neuron?
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Carry impulses away from (efferent) the CNS to the effectors.
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What is a synapse?
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The gap between an axon and dendrite.
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Name and define the fibres in a typical neuron.
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Dendrites: conduct nerve impulses toward the cell body Axons: conduct nerve impulses away from the cell body |
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What are all the different parts of the brain?
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cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, hypothalamus
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What are the three classifications of neurons?
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sensory/unipolar, connector, motor/multipolar
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What do the different lobes of the cerebrum control?
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- frontal (memory, imagination, judgement, intelligence, voluntary movement) - temporal (hearing, taste, smell) - occipital (sight) - parietal (skin sensations) |
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What are the functions of the cerebellum?
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- coordinate voluntary muscle movements - control muscle tone - maintains posture and balance |
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What are the functions of the medulla oblongata?
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- pathway for impulses to and from the brain - reflex center for breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, peristalsis, swallowing - controls reflexes like coughs, sneezes, hiccups |
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What is the function of the hypothalamus? |
Control center for autonomic functions of the PNS |
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What is the function of the spinal cord?
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A pathway for impulses to and from the brain.
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What are the functions of the cerebrum?
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- initiate voluntary movement - interpret impulses from the sense organs - mental activities (intelligence, perception, language, memory, emotion) |
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What is a reflex arc? |
The pathway followed by impulses from a receptor to an effector to bring about change. |
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Essential components of a reflex arc |
Receptor > Sensory neuron > Connector neuron > Motor neuron > Effector |
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What is a reflex action? |
A fast, automatic response by an effector to a stimulus received by a receptor organ. |
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What do somatic reflexes activate? |
Skeletal muscle |
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What do autonomic reflexes activate? |
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands |
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Where are reflex centres situated and what do they control? |
Brain- controls sneezing, coughing, hiccuping
Spinal cord- primitive reflexes like the knee jerk and the immediate withdrawal of a hand or foot from a painful situation. |
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Reflex arc functions |
- enable the body to respond quickly to stimuli
- provide safety mechanisms to protect the body from danger |
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Examples of reflexes |
- sneezing to clear the nasal passages of irritants- blinking when danger threatens the eye- yawning when there is too much CO2 in the blood- coughing when food enters the trachea |
