The Nervous System

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Neurologist

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Specializes in treating diseases and disorders of the nervous system.

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Neurology

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The study of diseases/disorders of the nervous system.

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Neurosurgey/Neurosurgeon

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Sugery involving the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves. / One who specializes in the surgery of the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves.

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Central Nervous System

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Brain, Spinal cord

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Peripheral Nervous System

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12 prs. Cranial Nerves/ 31 prs. Spinal Nerves

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CNS Responsibilites

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Processing, storing, sensory and motor information, and controlling consciousness.

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PNS Responsibilities

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Transmitting sensory and motor impulses back and forth between the CNS and the rest of the body.

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Divisions of the PNS

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Somatic/Autonomic

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Somatic Nervous System

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Voluntary control over skeletal muscle contractions

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Autonomic Nervous System

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Involuntary control over smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glandular activity, and secretions in response to the CNS

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Affrent Nerve/ Effrent Nerve

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Carries impulses from the body to the CNS/ Carries impulses from the CNS to the muscles, glands

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Sympathetic/ Parasympathetic

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Regulates essential body functions (increasing heart rate, constricting blood vessels, fight or flight)/ (slows heart rate, slows heart rate)

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Cell body

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Structure that contains the nucleus and cytoplasm

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Neuron

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Actual nerve cell that transmits the impulses of the nervous system. (cell body, axon, one or two dendrites)

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Axon

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Single, slender projection that extends from the cell body

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Myelin Sheath

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Covers axons and protects/ speeds up transmission of the impulses

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White matter

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Parts of the brain that are covered with the myelin sheath

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Grey Matter

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Not covered with Myelin Sheath

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dendrites

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Branch from the cell body and conduct impulses toward cell body

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Synapse

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Space between two nerves in which the impulse must cross

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Neurotransmitters

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Chemicals that activate the transmission of nerve impulses across the synapse

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Neuron - Affrent/ Efferent

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Transmit impulses toward brain/spinal cord | transmits away from the brain and spinal cord

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Interneurons

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Connecting neurons that conduct impulses from afferent nerves to motor nerves

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Neuroglia

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Special type of connective tissue for the nervous system

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3 types of Neuroglia Cells

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Astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes

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Astrocytes

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Are star shaped cells with numerous radiating processes for attachment. They are the largest and most numerous. Only found in the CNS.

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Blood brain barrier

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Prevents harmful substances from the bloodstream into the brain tissue or the cerebrospinal fluid.

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Microglia

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Engulf cellular debris, waste products, and pathogens with in the nerve tissue

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Oligodendrocytes

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Help form myelin sheath

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Nerve

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Cord-like bundle of nerve fibers that transmits impulses to and from the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body

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Ganglia

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Group of nerve cell bodies located outside of the central nervous system

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Meninges

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Protective layers
-Dura mater
-Arachnoid membrane
-Pia mater

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cerebral cortex

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Outside of the cerebrum

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Thalamus

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Receives all sensory stimuli

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Hypothalamus

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Responsible for the peripheral nervous system, many sensory functions such as temp., sleep, appetite.