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5 Cards in this Set
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Social: Nature -Agency theory is based on evolutionary theory suggesting we have always had the genes which naturally allow us to act obediently. -SIT says the act of social categorisation happens automatically/instinctively suggesting its due to genetics. -Both Milgram and M&R found high levels of obedience (between 65% and 95%) suggesting we all obey naturally due to genetics, hormones or brain lateralisation/localisation.
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Social: Nurture -Agency theory emphasises the need for an authoritative figure from the environment for obedience to occur. -SIT, the identification stage is dependent on the environment, i.e. in a prison it would be uniform but in a football game it may be chants. -boys only showed prejudice behaviour in Sherif et al when a competition was set up in the environment. -Milgrams variation in an office= 49% obeyed in comparison to the original 65%= environment matters. |
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Cognitive: Nature -LoP says everyone processes information in the same way due to genes, hormones or brain structure. -Bartlett said that everyone rationalised information, the fact that everyone did suggests it was nature. -Craik and Tulving proved that all participants had better recall when processed semantically- suggesting processing is the same for all.
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Cognitive: Nurture -Bartlett said we rationalise based on our own cultural norms = everyone's memory is different depending on upbringing. -C and T- the recall depends entirely on environmental cues = nurture. -Bartlett War of Ghosts found all participants rationalised the story to their culture. -Godden and Baddeley found recall was better when environment was the same for recall and learning suggesting its dependent on environment. |
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Learning: Nature -In classical conditioning the unconditioned response is instinctive suggesting it becomes a biological instinct e.g. genetics, hormones and brain structure. -Watson and Raynor found that Albert instinctively was fearful of the noise (evolutionary preparedness). -Bandura Ross and Ross found natural differences between boys and girls in levels of aggression suggesting that it was biological.
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Learning: Nurture -SLT says that all behaviour is learnt through imitating models in our environment, suggesting environment is vital for behaviour. -Operant conditioning= punishment and rewards are artificially provided by environment. -Bandura Ross and Ross showed children imitating the behaviour of role models, suggesting this is how we learn. -Watson and Raynor showed we can learn fear that's not prepositioned. |
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Biological: Nature -Suggests behaviour is due to genetics, hormones, brain lateralisation and activity, which is all determined before birth = nature -Raine et al found differences in brain activity in murderers to non murderers suggesting this causes that behaviour. -David Reimer said despite being raised female he felt male - genetics. |
Biological: Nurture -Shows that some experiences can alter the structure/function of nervous system e.g. a stroke which then leads to behavioural changes. -Raine et al has bidirectional ambiguity, it may have been the murdering experience that lead to odd brain activity. -Dr. Money said Brenda developed a female identity due to her nurture which over ruled nature. |
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Psychodynamic: Nature -Believes the unconscious, conscious, ID, ego and superego occur in everyone and that everyone goes through the same psycho-sexual stages at the same point. -Freud assumed the findings in his case studies apply to all due to similar biology. |
Psychodynamic: Nurture -The ego balances the ID and superego based on moral and norms the child learns and is brought up with. -The environment e.g. parents prevent satisfaction of psychosexual stages leading to mental illness. -Little Hans 1909 was specific to his family and upbringing i.e. desire for mother and anger at father. |
