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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nature |
•behaviour is caused by innate characteristics: -physiological/biological characteristics we are born with -behaviour is therefore determined by biology. •Determinist view- suggests all behaviour is determined by hereditary factors: -inherited characteristics, or genetic make up. We are born with it. |
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Support for nature |
•Gottesman and Shields, 1976 (genetic basis of schizophrenia) - in adoption studies: compared biological parents and siblings and adoptive parents and siblings. - in twin studies: compared concordance for MZ and DZ twins.
Results - adoption argues found increased incidence of schizophrenia in adopted children with a schizophrenic biological parent. -'normal' children fostered to a schizophrenic parent and adoptive parents of schizophrenic children showed little evidence of schizophrenia. -twin studies found higher concordance rate for schizophrenia in MZ twins (58%) than DZ twins (12%)
Conclusion Significant genetic input into the onset of schizophrenia. Genes responsible for predisposing a person to schizophrenia. |
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Nurture |
•individuals behaviour is determined by the environment things people teach them, things they observe, and because of the different situations they are in. • Determinist view- proposes all human behaviour is the result of interactions with the environment. |
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Support for nurture |
Classical conditioning of fear; little Albert (Watson and raynor, 1920)
•conditioned Albert so that every time he saw a rat they hit a steel bar, every time he saw a rat he would remember the nose of the steel bar and be scared. Associated the noise with rats.
Conclusion Provides evidence that the environment can be manipulated to create a phobic response and behaviour change. |
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Interaction |
•behaviour is often a result of the interaction between nature and nurture. •individuals characteristics may elicit particular responses in the other people. E.g.
-temperament, how active, responsive or emotional an infant is influences in part determines their caregivers response. -gender, people tend to react differently to boys and girls due to expectations of masculine and feminine characteristics. -aggression,displaying aggressive behaviour create particular responses from other people. |
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Rutter and Rutter (1993) Aggression hostility |
•described how aggressive children think and behave in ways that lead other children to respond to them in a hostile manner. •reinforces the anti social child's view of the world. Aggressive children tend to experience aggressive environments partly because they elicit aggressive responses. |
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Supporting approaches and perspectives |
Supporting nature: -physiological -individual differences -development
Supporting nurture: -social -behavioural
Psychodynamic is in between. |
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Problems with nature-nurture debate |
•reductionist •deterministic •difficult to control variables
Determinism: Nature view of psychology is a determinist one- suggests behaviour is determined by hereditary factors (e.g. Language development) |
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Applications (nature-nurture) |
Nature- drug therapies can be developed to treat behaviour or psychological problems that have a physiological origin. E.g. Ssri's used to treat depression.
Nurture- if behaviour is susceptible to environmental influences we need to consider how we adapt our environment. E.g. To promote helping behaviour, enhance learning, reduce aggression and decrease criminality. |