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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MICROMETER
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10⋏-6 METERS
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NANOMETER
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10⋏-9 METERS
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SIZE OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS
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10 TO 100 MICROMETERS
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SIZE OF PROKARYOTIC CELLS
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1 TO 10 MICROMETERS
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SIZE OF VIRUSES
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20 TO 1000 NANOMETERS
OR .02 TO 1 MICROMETER |
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SIMPLE MICROSCOPE
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ONE LENS (MAGNIFYING GLASS)
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COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
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2 OR MORE LENS
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TOTAL MAGNIFICATION
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OBJECTIVE LENS x OCULAR LENS
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RESOLUTION
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ABILITY TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN TWO POINTS
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DOES SHORTER OR LONGER WAVELENGTH RESULT IN GREATER RESOLUTION?
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SHORTER
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MAXIMUM RESOLUTION OF WHITE LIGHT
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0.2 MICROMETERS OR 2000x
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REFRACTIVE INDEX
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LIGHT BENDING ABILITY OF A MEDIUM
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IMMERSION OIL
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OIL USED BETWEEN OBJECTIVE LENS AND SLIDE TO PREVENT LIGHT FROM BENDING AND MISSING THE LENS
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BRIGHTNESS ILLUMINATION
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DARK OBJECTS ARE VISIBLE AGAINST BRIGHT WHITE BACKGROUND
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ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
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USES ELECTRONS INSTEAD OF LIGHT BECAUSE OF THEIR SHORTER WAVELENGTH AND GREATER RESOLUTION (CAN SEE VIRUSES)
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SMEAR
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THIN FILM OF A SOLUTION OF MICROBES ON A SLIDE
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FIXED
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ATTACH MICROBES TO SLIDE USING HEAT (KILLS THEM)
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STAIN
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SALT WITH A PIGMENT ATTACHED TO A POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ION
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BASIC DYE
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STAIN WITH A CATION (+) USED TO STAIN THE SLIGHTLY NEGATIVE MICROBES
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ACIDIC DYE
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STAIN WITH AN ANION (-) USED TO COLOR THE BACKGROUND
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NAMES OF BASIC DYES
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CRYSTAL VIOLET
METHYLENE BLUE MALACHITE GREEN SAFRANIN |
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NAMES OF ACIDIC DYES
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EOSIN
ACID FUCHSIN NIGROSIN |
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NEGATIVE STAINING
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STAINING THE BACKGROUND NOT THE BACTERIUM
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SIMPLE STAINS
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USE OF A SINGLE BASIC DYE TO STAIN THE ENTIRE MICROORGANISM
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MORDANT (IODINE)
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ADDITIVE USED TO INTENSIFY THE STAIN BY INCREASING THE AFFINITY OR TO COAT THE SPECIMEN
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DIFFERENTIAL STAINS
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STAINS USED TO DETERMINE BACTERIA TYPES (GRAM OR ACID-FAST STAINS)
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GRAM STAIN
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CLASSIFIES BACTERIA AS GRAM-POSITIVE OR GRAM-NEGATIVE
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STEPS TO MAKING A GRAM STAIN
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1. FIX SMEAR
2. CRYSTAL VIOLET X 60 SECS 3. MORDANT X 60 SECS 4. DECOLORIZING X 5 SECS 5. SAFRANIN X 1.5 TO 2 MINS |
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GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA
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THICK PEPTIDOGLYCAN LAYER - EASY TO KILL
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GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA
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THIN PETIDOGLYCAN LAYER + LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE LAYER - RESISTANT TO ANTIBIOTICS
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LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE LAYER
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CELL WALL LAYER IN GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA THAT IS DIFFICULT FOR ANTIBIOTICS TO PENETRATE (ENDOTOXIN)
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ILLUMINATOR
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LIGHT SOURCE OF A MICROSCOPE
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CONDENSER
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LENSES THAT DIRECT THE LIGHT RAYS THROUGH THE SPECIMEN
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OBJECTIVE LENSES
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LENS CLOSEST TO THE SPECIMEN
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OCULAR LENS
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EYEPIECE
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DIAPHRAGM
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CONTROLS THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT ENTERING THE CONDENSER
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STAGE
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HOLDS THE SLIDE IN POSITION
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FOCUSING KNOBS
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FINE OR COARSE FOCUS ADJUSTMENT
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COLOR OF GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA AFTER STAINING
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PURPLE - THE THICK PEPTIDOGLYCAN LAYER HOLDS ON THE THE CRYSTAL VIOLET EVEN THRU THE ALCOHOL WASH
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COLOR OF GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA AFTER STAINING
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PINK - THINK PETIDOGLYCAN LAYER RELEASES CRYSTAL VIOLET EASILY ALLOWING SAFRANIN COUNTER STAIN
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