The Lymphatic System

Front 1

Fluid that lies between cells in blood vessels that was pushed out of capillaries

Back 1

Interstitial fluid

Front 2

Primary lymphoid tissue

Back 2

Lymph nodes

Front 3

What are the two main functions of the lymphatic system?

Back 3

1. Immune response
2. Return excess interstitial fluid, leaked plasma proteins and digestive fats back the the cardiovascular system.

Front 4

What are the 5 main lymphoid organs?

Back 4

1. Tonsils
2. Thymus
3. Spleen
4. Peyers Patch
5. Appendix

Front 5

A one-way system that carries lymph flow towards the heart

Back 5

Lymphatic vessels

Front 6

-Very permeable
-loosely joined endothelial minivalves
-withstand interstitial pressure and remain open

Back 6

Lymphatic capillaries

Front 7

What is the function of minivalves?

Back 7

To act as one way gates to allow interstitial fluid to get into lymph capillaries and to not allow it to exit the capillaries.

Front 8

One of the only places interstitial fluid is picked up

Back 8

Capillary beds

Front 9

During inflammation, lymph capillaries can absorb what 3 things?

Back 9

1. Cell debris
2. Pathogens
3. Cancer cells

Front 10

What to the white blood cells in the lymph nodes do?

Back 10

Cleanse and examine the debris absorbed

Front 11

Specialized lymph capillaries that have a milk-like appearance, present in intestinal mucosa that absorb digested fat and deliver chyle to the blood

Back 11

Lacteals

Front 12

The lymphatic system lacks what?

Back 12

A pumping organ

Front 13

Lymphatic vessels are extremely ________ pressure

Back 13

Low

Front 14

The flow in lymphatic vessels average ___L per day as opposed to the 5L of blood per minute by the cardiovascular system

Back 14

3

Front 15

Why is it okay that the lymphatic system is slower and more "lazy"?

Back 15

It is not as essential to the body as blood flow, and you can live with edema

Front 16

Main cells involved in the immune response

Back 16

Lymphocytes

Front 17

The two types of lymphocytes found in the lymphatic system that protect the body against antigens

Back 17

T cells and B cells

Front 18

Cell-eating cells that eat bacteria that are derived from monocytes. They phagocytize foreign substances and help activate T-cells

Back 18

Macrophages

Front 19

Help identify something in the body as foreign

Back 19

Antigens

Front 20

These specific cells manage the immune response and attack and destroy foreign cells

Back 20

T-cells

Front 21

These specific cells produce plasma cells which secrete antibodies who immobilize antigens

Back 21

B-cells

Front 22

These specific cells capture antigens and present them to the immune system by taking the infected cells to the lymph nodes so the body knows there is an infection

Back 22

Dendritic cells

Front 23

These specific cells produce a structural network in lymphoid tissues. They produce the reticular connective tissue as the reticular fibers break them down.

Back 23

Reticular cells

Front 24

Where are lymph nodes located?

Back 24

They are embedded in connective tissue and clustered along lymphatic vessels

Front 25

Aggregations of lymph nodes occur near the body surface where?

Back 25

Inguinal, axillary and cervical regions of the body

Front 26

4 big areas where lymph nodes are located

Back 26

Head, neck, groin, arm pits

Front 27

What are the two basic functions of lymph nodes

Back 27

1. Filltration
2. Immune system activation

Front 28

How do lymph nodes activate immune response?

Back 28

By monitoring antigens in lymph and attacking them

Front 29

The cortex inside the medulla contains what:

Back 29

Follicles with germinal centers (where b-cells divide)

Front 30

Where are T-cells located?

Back 30

In the deep cortex of the medulla and the lymphatic stream

Front 31

What cells are located in the medulla?

Back 31

1. B cells
2. T-cells
3. Plasma cells
4. Macrophages

Front 32

The higher pressure created in _____ ______ helps keep the flow in the lymphatic stream

Back 32

Lymph nodes

Front 33

A collection of lymph tissue

Back 33

Node

Front 34

Only lymph nodes filter _______

Back 34

Lymph

Front 35

What is the largest lymphoid organ

Back 35

Spleen

Front 36

Where is the spleen located?

Back 36

On the left side of the abdominal cavity under the diaphram

Front 37

Functions of the spleen:

Back 37

1.Lymphocyte production
2. immune surveillance and response
3. cleanses the blood
4. Stores breakdown products of RBC's for later reuse
5. Stores platelets

Front 38

Whe place where WBC's mature and learn how to fight an infection and how to distinguish bad cells from good, but it does NOT directly fight antigens.

Back 38

Thymus

Front 39

Where is the thymus located in infants?

Back 39

Back of the neck

Front 40

When does the thymus stop growing?

Back 40

During adolescence, then it gradually atrophies

Front 41

Where is MALT located?

Back 41

In the digestive and respiratory tract in mucouse membranes

Front 42

What is MALT?

Back 42

Clusters of lymphatic tissue that can fight infection

Front 43

What does MALT do?

Back 43

Protects against bacteria in our food or bacteria we inhale. Bacteria that can enter us through our body surface.

Front 44

Simplest of lympoid organs

Back 44

Tonsils

Front 45

A prime example of MALT would be:

Back 45

The tonsils

Front 46

A ring of lymphatic tissue around the pharynx (MALT)

Back 46

Tonsils

Front 47

These tonsils are located on either side of the posterior end of the oral cavity

Back 47

Palatine tonsils

Front 48

These tonsils lie at the base of the tongue

Back 48

Lingual tonsils

Front 49

These tonsils are at the posterior wall of the nasopharynx

Back 49

Pharyngeal tonsil

Front 50

These tonsils surround the openings of the auditory tubes into the pharynx

Back 50

Tubal tonsils

Front 51

This traps bacteria and the bacteria can potentially work its way through the epithelium

Back 51

Tonsilar crypt

Front 52

Isolated clusters of lymphoid tissue, similar to tonsils

Back 52

Peyers patch

Front 53

Where is peyers patch located

Back 53

In the wall of the distal portion of the small intestine

Front 54

Function of the peyers patch

Back 54

1. Destroy bacteria and prevent them from reaching the intestinal wall
2. Generate "memory" lymphocytes for long term immunity