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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of the kidneys? |
Filter blood, excrete waste and excess water Regulates, BP, Blood pH, salt and electrolyte balance |
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Where are the kidneys located? |
Posterior abdominal wall Either side of the vertebra Roughly T12 - L3 Left slightly higher Primary Retroperitoneal |
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What structures enter and exit the kidneys at the hilum? What level is the hilum? |
Ureter Renal artery and vein (come straight off the IVC and aorta) Nerves Lymphatics L1 |
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What rib lies at the base of the kidney? |
Rib 12 |
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What muscles lie behind it? |
Psoas major Diaphragm Quadratus lumborum Transversus abdominis |
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Which nerves lie behind the kidneys? |
Subcostal Iliohypogastric Ilioinguinal |
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What lies in front of the right kidney? |
The right lobe of the liver pushes down the kidney The right colic flexure (transverse colon) The descending part of duodenum (retroperitoneal) |
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What lies in front of the left kidney? |
Splenic (left) flexure Stomach - intraperitoneal Spleen - intraperitoneal End of the pancreas - retroperitoneal |
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Capsule |
A fibrous covering that is adhered to the outer surface of the kidney. |
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Perirenal (perinephric) fat |
A fatty layer that surrounds the kidney and extends into the renal sinus. |
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Renal fascia |
A fibrous connective tissue layer that surrounds the kidney and suprarenal gland. |
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Pararenal (paranephric) fat |
The region of retroperitoneal fat that surrounds the posterior aspect of the kidney. |
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The expanded superior end of the ureter |
Renal pelvis |
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2 - 3 of these drain into the renal pelvis |
Major calyx |
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2 - 3 of these drain into each major calyx |
Minor calyx |
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Apex of renal pyramid projects into minor calyx |
Renal papilla |
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At which vertebral level do the renal arteries most commonly arise from the aorta? |
Intervertebral disc between L1 and L2 |
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Which is the longest renal artery? |
Right |
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Does the right renal artery pass anterior or posterior to the inferior vena cava? |
Posterior |
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Describe the course of the ureter. |
It descends from the renal pelvis at the hilum. It passes down the anterior surface of psoas major. It crosses the bifurcation of the common iliac artery anterior to the sacroiliac joint. It runs down the lateral wall of the pelvis to the level of the ischial spine. Before turning to enter the bladder. |
