The Integumentary System

Front 1

What is the function of serous membranes?

Back 1

To lubricate the body cavity.

Front 2

Where can you find a serous membrane?

Back 2

Any body cavity that does not open to the surface. (Thorax, abdominopevlic, etc.)

Front 3

What is the function of mucous membrane?

Back 3

To trap dirt, pathogens, and particles.

Front 4

Where can you find mucous membranes?

Back 4

Lining body cavities that do open to a surface. (Digestive, nasal, respiratory, urinary, oral, etc.)

Front 5

Where can you find a synovial membrane?

Back 5

Lining joint cavities. (e.g. the knee)

Front 6

What is the function of a synovial membrane?

Back 6

To lubricate the joint.

Front 7

The dermis is made of what type of tissue?

Back 7

Connective.

Front 8

Assuming all five layers of the epidermis are present, and numbering from the top down, what is the first layer of the epidermis?

Back 8

Stratum corneum.

Front 9

Assuming all five layers of the epidermis are present, and numbering from the top down, what is the second layer of the epidermis?

Back 9

Stratum lucidum.

Front 10

Assuming all five layers of the epidermis are present, and numbering from the top down, what is the thrid layer of the epidermis?

Back 10

Stratum granulosum.

Front 11

Assuming all five layers of the epidermis are present, and numbering from the top down, what is the fourth layer of the epidermis?

Back 11

Stratum spinosum.

Front 12

Assuming all five layers of the epidermis are present, and numbering from the top down, what is the fifth and final layer of the epidermis?

Back 12

Stratum basale.

Front 13

What membrane is below the stratum basale?

Back 13

The basement membrane.

Front 14

What would be the name of the upward projections of the dermis?

Back 14

The papilla.

Front 15

What would be the name of the downward projections of the epidermis?

Back 15

Epidermal ridges.

Front 16

What is the hypodermis made of?

Back 16

Subcutaneous fat.

Front 17

Put the following terms in order from surface to deep: dermis, hypodermis, and epidermis.

Back 17

1.) Epidermis
2.) Dermis
3.) Hypodermis

Front 18

What type of tissue is the epidermis made of?

Back 18

Epithelium tissue, more specifically, stratified squamous epithelium.

Front 19

What type of tissue is the hypodermis made of?

Back 19

Connective tissue. Adipose, or fat-storage, cells and loose connective tissue, binding skin to underlying organs.

Front 20

True or False: The skin is only comprised of one kind of tissue?

Back 20

False. It is composed of many types of tissues.

Front 21

What does the skin prevent from easily entering the body?

Back 21

Microorganisms and other harmful substances.

Front 22

The skin is vital in maintaining ___________.

Back 22

Homeostasis.

Front 23

The skin helps regulate ___________.

Back 23

Temperature.

Front 24

What is a chemical that skin can synthesize?

Back 24

Vitamin D.

Front 25

What does adipose tissue beneath the dermis help conserve?

Back 25

Body heat.

Front 26

In general terms, what happens to a cell when it goes through the process of keratinization.

Back 26

It hardens. Keratin proteins are synthesized and stored in the cell.

Front 27

What layer in the epidermis could be called an accumulation of dead, tightly packed cells in the epidermis?

Back 27

Stratum corneum.

Front 28

In what layer of the epidermis are the cells starting to become flattened?

Back 28

Stratum spinosum, the layer above the basal layer, which is the deepest layer.

Front 29

What is the name of the pigment that melanocytes produce?

Back 29

Melanin.

Front 30

What does melanin absorb and what does this prevent?

Back 30

Melanin absorbs UV radiation and this prevents mutations in the DNA of skin cells.

Front 31

Melanin controls the _____ of skin.

Back 31

Color.

Front 32

Why is the sebacious gland important to the skin and hair shaft?

Back 32

It secretes a mixture of fatty material and cellular debris called sebum that keeps the hair and skin soft, pliable, and waterproof.

Front 33

In what layer of the epidermis are melanocytes located?

Back 33

The basal layer, or stratum basale.

Front 34

What is the process called in which melanin secreted by melanocytes in the basal layer gets to other cells?

Back 34

Cytocrine secretion.

Front 35

Where can you find eccrine sweat glands on the body?

Back 35

Forehead, neck, and back.

Front 36

From what dermal layer do the eccrine sweat glands originate from?

Back 36

The deep dermis or subcutaneous layer.

Front 37

Which are more numerous: the eccrine or apocrine sweat glands?

Back 37

Eccrine sweat glands.

Front 38

Do eccrine sweat glands have an odor?

Back 38

No.

Front 39

What homeostatic mechanism are eccrine sweat glands involved with?

Back 39

Regulating body temperature.

Front 40

Do apocrine sweat glands have an odor?

Back 40

Yes.

Front 41

What is the function of apocrine sweat glands?

Back 41

To wet the skin during pain, fear, emotional upset, and sexual arousal.

Front 42

Where on the body can apocrine sweat glands be found?

Back 42

Near hair follicles on armpit, groin, and around nipples.

Front 43

What layer of the epidermis is only found on the soles and palms?

Back 43

Stratum lucidum.

Front 44

From the stratum basale, the farther the cells are moved, the poorer their ________ supply becomes, and, in time, they ___.

Back 44

1.) Nutrient
2.) Die

Front 45

The beginning of the cell flattening process begins in which epidermal layer?

Back 45

Stratum spinosum.

Front 46

Which epidermal layer has three to five layers of granular cells that contain keratin and shriveled nuclei?

Back 46

Stratum granulosum.

Front 47

What is the hair follicle?

Back 47

A tube-like depression on the epidermis.

Front 48

What is the hair shaft made of?

Back 48

The remains of dead epithelial cells.

Front 49

What is the hair root?

Back 49

The portion of the hair shaft that is embedded in the skin.

Front 50

What is the hair root nourished by?

Back 50

A projection of connective tissue (hair papilla) at the end of the root get nourishment from dermal blood vessels.

Front 51

What is the name of the bundle of smooth muscle cells that attach to each hair follicle?

Back 51

The arrector pili muscle.

Front 52

What does the arrector pili msucle do?

Back 52

Makes the hair it is attached to stand on end. This can occur when very cold or getting "goosebumps".

Front 53

Which dermal receptor can detect heavy pressure?

Back 53

Pacinian (Lamellated) corpuscles.

Front 54

Which dermal receptor can detect light touch?

Back 54

Meissner (Tactile) corpuscles.

Front 55

What does a Pacinian (Lamellated) corpuscle detect?

Back 55

Heavy pressure.

Front 56

What does a Meissner (Tactile)corpuscle detect?

Back 56

Light touch

Front 57

What are Pacinian (Lamellated)and Meisnner (Tactile) corpuscles?

Back 57

Dermal receptors.

Front 58

Other than Pacinian(Lamellated)and Meissner (Tactile) corpuscles, which detect heavy pressure and light touch, respectively, what do other receptors respond to? What are they called?

Back 58

Temperature changes and other factors that damage tissue. They are called free nerve endings.

Front 59

What comprises the connective tissue of the dermis?

Back 59

Collagen and elastin fibers which make the skin strong and flexible.

Front 60

What does dermal papillae and epidermcal ridges cause on your fingers?

Back 60

Fingerprints.

Front 61

What are the eight general functions of the skin?

Back 61

1.) Maintain homeostasis
2.) Protective covering
3.) Retards water loss
4.) Regulates body temperature
5.) House sensory receptors
6.) Contains immune cells
7.) Synthesize chemicals (Melatonin, Vitamin D)
8.) Excrete waste