The Integumentary System

Front 1

what makes up the integumentary system?

Back 1

Skin and its accessory structures (hair, nails, and glands)

Front 2

the thin, superficial outer layer of skin

Back 2

epidermis

Front 3

the thick layer of skin that contains hair, glands, blood vessels, and nerves

Back 3

dermis

Front 4

the single layer of fat tissue below the dermis; not a part of the skin

Back 4

hypodermis

Front 5

what does a keratinocyte do?

Back 5

Produces keratin, which waterproofs and protects skin

Front 6

what does a melanocyte do?

Back 6

Produces melanin, which gives color to the hair, skin, and other structures in the body

Front 7

what does the Langerhans' cell do

Back 7

Provides immune response, participates in allergy response

Front 8

what does the Merkel cell do?

Back 8

promotes sensation of touch

Front 9

functions of the skin

Back 9

Produces substances that aid in protection and metabolism
Secrets oil to protect the skin from drying and cracking
Perspires to rid the body of waste products
Absorbs medications transdermally
thermoregulation, protection, metablism, sensation, communication, storage, and sensation

Front 10

what does the integumentary system help store

Back 10

water, fat, vitamin D

Front 11

what is hair composed of

Back 11

keratinized cells

Front 12

what causes baldness (alopecia)

Back 12

Related to disease, high fever, emotional stress, surgery, pregnancy, starvation, chemotherapy, radiation, or hereditary factors

Front 13

When stimulated by cold or fear, the arrector pili or involuntary muscles that surround each hair follicle contract, making the hairs stand erect causing insulation. aka goose flesh

Back 13

The pilomotor reflex

Front 14

functions of hair

Back 14

Helps regulate body temperature
Provides protection in various areas
Enhances sensation
Contributes to regrowing damaged epidermis through stem cells in a portion of the hair follicle
Can reveal facts about the condition of the body
Can be used for identification: The DNA in hair is unique to an individual.

Front 15

tightly packed cells of the stratum corneum of the epidermis

Back 15

nails

Front 16

what is the nail made of

Back 16

keratinized dead cells

Front 17

functions of nails

Back 17

Protects the sensitive tips of fingers and toes
Helps a person grab and pick up objects

Front 18

where do sebaceous/oil glands lue

Back 18

close to the hair follicles into which they usually drain

Front 19

Oily secretion by sebaceous glands

Back 19

sebum

Front 20

what does sebum do

Back 20

Makes the skin soft and the hair glossy
Prevents drying of skin and protects it from cracking
Helps to waterproof the epidermis
May trap bacteria in the skin’s pores, causing inflamed or infected glands, commonly known as pimples or acne

Front 21

where are sudoriferous/sweat glands located?

Back 21

in the dermis

Front 22

apocrine sweat glands- when do they become active? what do they secrete? cold sweat?

Back 22

becomes active during puberty, secrete a thick, oily, milky sweat into the hair follicles; A “cold sweat” occurs when emotional stressors stimulate these glands

Front 23

when do eccrine sweat glands secrete sweat? where do they secrete sweat?

Back 23

Secrete sweat in response to external and internal heat, regulate body temperature, moisturize the skin’s surface and excretes waste products
they secrete sweat into numerous ducts that empty into pores and respond to external and internal heat

Front 24

where are ceruminal glands found

Back 24

Found only in the skin of the external auditory meatus

Front 25

what do ceruminal glands do

Back 25

Protect the tympanic membrane (eardrum)
Excessive accumulation of cerumen (ear wax) may impair hearing and promote infection in the ear canal.

Front 26

How does the integumentary system aid in protection?

Back 26

The skin and its accessory structures guard the body from pathogens and other foreign substances.
The skin protects the body by retarding the loss of body fluid, assisting in heat regulation, and excreting waste products.
Langerhans’ cells are part of the adaptive immune system.

Front 27

How does the integumentary system aid in thermoregulation?

Back 27

Mechanisms of heat loss
Radiation
Convection
Evaporation
Conduction
blood vessel constriction
shivering
goose flesh

Front 28

the diffusion or dissemination of heat by electromagnetic waves

Back 28

radiation
example: the body gives off waves of heat from uncovered surfaces

Front 29

the dissemination of heat by motion between areas of unequal intensity

Back 29

convection
example: a fan blows currents of cool air across the surfave of a warm body

Front 30

the conversion of a liquid to vapor

Back 30

evaporation
example: perspiration is vaporized from the skin

Front 31

the transfer of heat to another object during direct contact

Back 31

conduction
example: forehead to icepack

Front 32

when is vitamin D produced

Back 32

When the skin is stimulated by sunlight (UV light)

Front 33

how does the integumentary system aid in communication and sensory

Back 33

Skin receives stimuli and provides dynamic interaction between external and internal environments.
Communication occurs through facial movements and change in skin color.

Front 34

changes in aging skin

Back 34

age spots or live spots
vitilgo
skin tears/becomes transparent
petechiae
purpura
wrinkles or tenting

Front 35

ways to protect skin from damage

Back 35

Keep skin clean to prevent growth of pathogens.
Clean and cover cuts and open wounds.
Use cosmetics sparingly; remove daily.
Dress appropriately for the weather.
Eat a balanced diet; drink plenty of water and other fluids.
Protect skin from excessive sun; use sunscreen, wear long-sleeved clothing and a hat, or stay in the shade

Front 36

use of special high pressure mercury lame that produces lone wave UV rays to diagnose pigmentary abnormalities and to detect superficial fungal and bacterial skin infections

Back 36

Wood's light

Front 37

examination of cells and fluids from vesicles such as those found in herpes and varicella. tissue is scraped from the base of the vesicle and applied to a glass slide and a specific stain is applied and it is viewed under a microscope

Back 37

Tzanck's smear

Front 38

the procedure of removing a skin-tissue specimen with scalpel excision, punch instrument, or shaving technique for microscopic examination to rule out malignancy or diagnose a skin disorder

Back 38

biopsy

Front 39

pruritis (itching) is often a symptom of

Back 39

skin disease, liver disease, iron deficiency, cancer, DM, or thyroid disturbances

Front 40

what is a therapeutic bath given for

Back 40

cleanse the body, sooth the skin, promotes wound healing, relieves itching, helps promote eschar, applies medication to the entire body at once, provides warmth so that the client can perform PT and ROM exercises for comfortably

Front 41

why are moist dressings applied

Back 41

to reduce swelling and weeping in acute dermatitis, to soften and remove exudate and crusts, and to relieve pruritis and discomfort

Front 42

a method that uses the body's own enzymes and moisture to rehydrate the wound and dissolve wound slough. an occlusive or semiocclusive dressing is used to cover the wound

Back 42

autolysis

Front 43

involves the use of commercially prepared chemical enzymes applied to the necrotic tissue of a wound

Back 43

enzymatic devridement

Front 44

utilizes wet-to-moist or wet-to-dry dressings. as the dressing dries and is then removed, some of the necrotic tissue that adheres to the dressing is removed with the dressing change

Back 44

mechanical debridement

Front 45

a scalpel or scissors is used to remove slough and eschar.

Back 45

surgical debridement