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169 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the protective covering of the body and it's most exposed system called?
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integumentary system
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what does the integumentary system include?
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the skin and it's accessory components of hair, nails, and associated glands
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what vital functions do the inegumentary system perform?
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1. Protect from an invasion of disease-producing pathogens
2. Keep the body from drying out 3. Provides a natural sunscreen 4. Acts as storage for fatty tissue necessary for energy 5. Produces vitamin D with the aid of the sunshine 6. Provides sensory input to your brain & helps regulate your body temp |
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what does "integument" mean?
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a covering
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largest organ of the body
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the skin
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how many square feet on an average adult does the skin cover?
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20.83 sq ft
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how much does the skin weigh on an average adult?
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20 pounds
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how many layers of skin does a person have & what are they?
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7
epidermis - 5 layers dermis subcutaneous fascia |
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what does "EPI" mean?
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upon
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what does "DERMIS" mean?
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true skin
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what does "SUB" mean?
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under
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what does "CUTANE / O" mean?
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skin
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what does "FASCIA" mean?
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band
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what does "A" mean?
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without
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what does "VASCULAR" mean?
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referring to vessels
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what does "AVASCULAR" mean?
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without blood vessels
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what does "HYPO" mean?
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under
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what does "FIBR / O" mean?
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fibers or fibrous tissue
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what does "STRATUS" mean?
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to spread out
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what does "BLAST" mean?
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immature cell development
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what does "KERAT / O" mean?
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hard or horny
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what does "LUNA" mean?
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moon
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what does "LIP / O" mean?
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fat
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what does "SEB / O" mean?
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tallow
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what does "MELAN / O" mean?
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black, extremely dark hue
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what does "CYTE" mean?
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cell
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what is the subcutaneous fascia also called?
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hypodermis
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what is melanin?
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the actual substance that affects skin color
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melanin formed in patches on the skin are called what?
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freckles
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what is carotene and what does it do to the skin?
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another form of skin pigment that gives the skin a yellowish hue
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people with a pinkish hue to thier skin get it from what?
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the hemoglobin in their blood
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what is the condition in which people have very little pigment in their skin, hair, or eyes called?
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albinism
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how is albinism caused?
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an inherited gene that does not allow body cells to produce the usual amounts of melanin
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what is ecchymosis and what could it indicate?
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excessive bruising
skin, blood, or circulatory problem as well as possible physical abuse |
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what is jaundice and how is it caused?
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a deeper yellowing of the skin caused by the body not being able to excrete bilirubin
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what is bilirubin?
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the main bile pigment that is formed from the breakdown of heme in red blood cells
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what is the epidermis?
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the layer of skin we normally see
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the epidermis is made up several smaller layers called what?
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stratified squamous epithelium
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epidermis is interesting for what reasons?
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it is avascular and contains no nerve cells
the cells on the surface are constantly shedding |
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when cells are shed, they are replaced by new cells that come from a deeper region called what & how long does it take?
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stratum basale
2-4 weeks |
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the outermost layer of dead skin cells is called what?
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stratum corneum
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what are the specialized cells that are responsible for skin color called?
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melanocytes
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the layer below the epidermisis called what?
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dermis
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another name for dermis is?
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corium
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the ridges that provide resistance to slipping when grasping or holding objects are called what?
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dermal papillae
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because the dermis layer possesses blood vessels, you are able to what?
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blush
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nerve fibers in the corium allow you to what?
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sense what is happening in the environment
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the collagenous and elastic fibers help your skin do what?
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flex with the movements you make and allow your skin to return to it's normal shape at rest
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what is formed when the sebaceous gland becomes blocked?
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a blackhead
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an infected blackhead is called what?
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a pimple (pustule)
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a staphylococcus bacterial infection & inflammation of the hair follicle is called what?
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folliculitis
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the 2 main types of sudoriferous or sweat glands are what?
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apocrine
eccrine |
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another name for sweat glands is what?
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sudoriferous
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which sweat gland secrete at the hair follicles in the groin, anal region, and arm pits?
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apocrine
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which glands are believed to be a sexual attractant?
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apocrine
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which gland is important in the regulation of body temp & found in greater numbers on your palms, feet, forehead, & upper lip?
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eccrine
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where are eccrine glands mostly found?
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palms, feet, forehead, & upper lip
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sweat glands are activated by what?
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heat,pain, fever, or nevousness
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your body has approximately how many sweat glands & generates an average fluid loss of how much via sweating?
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3 million
500ml per day |
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sweat is 99% what?
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water
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sebaceous glands produce & secrete what?
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sebum (oil)
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what are the 2 purposes of sebum?
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keeps the skin from drying out
because it is acidic in nature it helps destroy some pathogens on the skins surface |
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where are sebaceous glands usually found?
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hair-covered areas connected to hair follicles
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sebaceous glands are also found in areas that do not have hair follicles such as what?
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eyelids, penis, labis minora, and nipples
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name and function of the specialized form of sebaceous glands located at the rim of the eyelids
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meibomiam glands (or tarsal glands)
secrete sebum into the tears that coat the eye, slowing evaporation |
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the innermost layer skin is called what?
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subcutaneous fascia (hypodermis)
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layer that is composed of elastic and fibrous connective tissue and fatty tissue
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subcutaneous (hypodermis)
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what is the name of the cells that produce the fat needed to provide paddingto protect the deeper tissue?
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lipocytes
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the layer that is attached to the muscles of the body
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subcutaneous (hypodermis)
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lifelong viral infection that produces an inflammation of the skin in the form of clusters of small fluid filled blister-like sacs
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herpes
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the small fluid filled blister-like sacs from herpes are called what?
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vesicles
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periods of no noticeable signs of infection are called what?
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remission
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periods of flare-ups are called what?
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exacerbation
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exacerbation is usually caused by what?
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decreased immunity due to stress and other diseases
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highly contagious common childhood infection that can be spread by airborne particles or direct contact
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herpes varicella (chickenpox)
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painful condition that creates lesions that appear to follow a spinal nerve pathway.
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herpes zoster (shingles)
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shingles is believed to be what?
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the dormant adult version of chickenpox that the patient exhibited in childhood
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what percentage of individuals over 80 had had at least one episode of shingles?
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50%
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although usually found on the trunk following a sensory nerve, herpes zoster (shingles) are often located where and can cause what?
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the face
conjunctivitis |
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the effects felt from herpes zoster are what?
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lesions that are extremely painful, producing sharp stabbing sensations that may last from 10 days to several week
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"cold sores" or "fever blisters" around the mouth are what?
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herpes simplex type 1
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what is the causative agent of genital herpes
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herpes simplex type 2
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what drug may be used to prevent outbreaks of genital herpes?
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acyclovair
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warts, or verruca, is caused by what? and it causes a hypertrophy of what in the skin?
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papillomavirus
keratin cells |
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common warts are normally found where?
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childrens hands and fingers
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how are common warts spread?
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scratching and direct contact
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plantar warts are found where?
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on the soles of the foot and tend to grow inward, exhibiting a smooth surface
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first line of treatment for plantar warts
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topical application of salicylic acid
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plantar warts can be removed how?
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surgically or cryogenically (frozen)
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which warts are highly contagious and sexually transmitted?
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genital warts
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what is the general term relating to fungal infections that are located in warm moist regions of the body?
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tinea
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what is the most common fungal skin infection?
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tinea pedis (athlete's foot)
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what is the fungal infection of the groin and scrotal areas called?
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tinea cruris (jock itch)
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what is the condition presented on the smooth skin of the legs, arms, and body as red, ring-shaped structures with a pale center called?
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tinea corporis (ringworm)
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what is the condition in which a fungel infection is involved with either finger or toe nails called?
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tinea unguium
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an inflammatory condition of the skin and subcutaneous tissue producing red, swollen and painful area caused by the bacterium staphylococcus is called what?
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cellulitis
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what are the sources of cellulitis?
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bedsore, ulcer, or wound
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what condition if left untreated can lead to life-threatening situations such as endocarditis or even septicemia?
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cellulitis
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what is the bacterial infection spread via the bite of the deer tick that left untreated can lead to neurologic and cardiovascular problems as well as arthritis?
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lyme disease
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what is the name of the cells that can develop into connective tissue and pull the edges of a wound together?
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fibroblasts
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the basal layer of what begins to hyperproduce cells for the repair of a wound?
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epidermis
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why do wounds heal from the inside?
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to prevent bacteria from being trapped between a healed surface and the deeper layers of skin and causing an infection.
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what are burns caused by?
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heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation
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what are the 2 factors to consider when assessing the damage caused by burns?
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1. the depth of the burn
2. the area damaged by the burn |
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a burn damaging only the epidermis is what? and is classified as what?
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first degree burn
partial thickness burn |
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a burn that does not affect the entire depth of the skin is called what?
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partial thickness burn
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burn involving the entire depth of the epidermis and a portion of the dermis is what?
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second degree burn
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a mass of scar tissue that has a raised, firm, irregular shape and is called "a scar gone wild" is what?
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keloid
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keloids are more prominent in what ethniticity?
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black
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a burn that affects all three layers of the skin and is classified as a full-thickness burn is called what?
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third degree burn
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burns that penetrates to the bone are called what?
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fourth degree burn
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second degree burns cause pain, redness, and what?
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blistering
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a victim feels no pain at the site of which burn?
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fourth degree burn
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amputation may be required for which burn?
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fourth degree burn
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clinicians can estimate the extent of the area covered by the burn by using what?
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the rule of nines
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medicines applied to adhesive patches sre called what?
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transdermal patches
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medications, such as nitroglycerin, placed under the tongue to be rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream are called what?
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subligual
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medication can be injected which 5 different ways utilizing a syringe and needle into the body?
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1. subcutaneously (under the skin)
2. intradermally (into the skin) 3. intramuscular (into the muscle) 4. intraspinal (into the spine) 5. intravenous (into the vein) |
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what percentage of body surface is given for the head and neck?
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9%
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what percentage of body surface is given for each upper limb?
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9%
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what percentage of body surface is given for each lower limb?
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18%
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what percentage of body surface is given for the front of the trunk?
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18%
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what percentage of body surface is given for the back of the trunk and buttocks?
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18%
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what percentage of body surface is given for the perineum (including the anal and urogenital region)?
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1%
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what type of burns require healing at an intensity that the body normally achieve on it's own?
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severe burns, such as third degree
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the use of a patients own skin for grafting is called what?
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autografting
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donor tissue for grafting is called what?
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heterografting
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specialized epithelial cells that form your nails originate from where?
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nail root
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another name for nail root
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germinal matrix
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the cells of the nail root grow out and over what?
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nail bed
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when the nail forms a substance similar to the horns on a bull it is called what?
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keratinized
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a fold of tissue that covers the nail root is what?
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cuticle
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the portion of the nail that we see is called what?
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nail body
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what is the proximal layer of cells that helps the nail bodt to stick to the nail bed is called what?
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sterile (nail) matrix
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nails grow how long a week on average?
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1 millimeter
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what causes the pink color of your nails?
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vascularization of the tissue
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what is the white half-moon shaped area that is the result of the thicker layer of cells at the base called?
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lunula
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the 2 functions of body hair are what?
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regulate body temp
functions as a sensor to detect things on you skin |
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eyelashes and nose hair are basically what?
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filters
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what is the fibrous protien hair, fingernails, and toenails are made of ?
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keratin
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what is the protective layer of flat cells that cover the hair called?
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cuticle
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what layer lies beneath the cuticle and is made of twisted protiens and the melanin that gives hair it's color called?
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cortex
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coarse hair has another layer of cells beneath the cortex. what is it?
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medulla
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what is it that the hair root extends down to and is formed by epithelial cells?
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follicle
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the condition of reduced blood flow to the extremities is known as?
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peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
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term given for any type of hair loss and can be acute or chronic
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alopecia
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tiny insect parasites
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lice
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what is the term given for an infestation of lice?
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pediculosis
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type of lice that are often a result of poor personal hygiene
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body lice
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lice can be carriers of diseases such as what?
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typhus
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type of lice spread thru sexual contact
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pubic lice (crabs)
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what is the treatment for all forms of lice?
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bathing or shampooing witha medicated shampoo
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what is the condition known as when a tiny mite burrows into the skin and lays eggs?
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scabies
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how are scabies transmitted?
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direct contact
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when the boby tries to get as much "hot" blood as possible to the surface to be cooled it is doing what?
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vasodialation
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the opposite of vasodialate
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vasoconstrict
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the muscles in your skin that make your hair stand up are called what?
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arrector pili
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a discolored spot on the skin is? (freckle)
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macule
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a small elevated circumscribed lesion of the skin that is filled with pus? (whitehead)
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pustule
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a localized elevation of the skin that is often accompanied by itching (uticaria)
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wheal
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an eating or gnawing away of tissue (decubitus ulcer)
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erosion or ulcer
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solid circumscribed elevated area on the skin (pimple)
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papule
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dry serous, seropurulent, brown, yellow, red, or green exudation that is seen in secondary lesions (eczema)
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crust
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a larger papule (acne vulgaris)
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nodule
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thin, dry flake of cornified epithelial cells (psoriasis)
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scale
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a small fluid filled sac (blister)
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vesicle
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a large vesicle varicella (chickenpox)
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bulla
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crack-like sore or slit that extends thru the epidermis into the dermis (athlete's foot)
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fissure
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what is a pathologically altered piece of tissue that can include a wound or injury or a single infected patch of skin?
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lesion
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