The Human Body: Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

Difference between Anatomy and Physiology:

Back 1

Anatomy- structure
Physiology- function

Front 2

What 3 questions does an anatomist answer?

Back 2

Where is it located?
What does it look like?
How does it relate to other body parts?

Front 3

What question does a Physiologist answer?

Back 3

How does it work?

Front 4

1. Surface Anatomy-
2. Medical Anatomy-

Back 4

1. The study of general form and surface markings.
2. The study of structural features that change during disease.

Front 5

1. grossly Anatomy-
2. Microscopic Anatomy-

Back 5

1. Visible to the naked eye.
2. Requires the use of a microscope.

Front 6

1. Cytology-
2. Histology-

Back 6

1. study of cells (cartilage, Red blood cells)
2. study of tissue (muscle, tissue, bone)

Front 7

1. Systematic anatomy-
2. Regional anatomy-

Back 7

1. Study of structure within a given body system.
2. Study of all the body structures within a given region of the body.

Front 8

Tissue Level-

Back 8

4 tissue types: Epithelial, Connective, muscle, & nervous
Organized groups of cells working together.

Front 9

Organ Level-
System Level-

Back 9

Composed of 2 or more types of tissues. ( stomach, liver, intestine)
Composed of 2 or more organs. 11 organ systems in the human body.

Front 10

Order of structural levels in the body:

Back 10

Cell > tissue > organ > organ system > organism

Front 11

1. Organization-
2. Metabolism-

Back 11

1. The stability of the cell makes it possible to perform various functions.
2. The body obtains and uses energy divided into two types.
catabolism- breaks larger molecules apart.,
anabolism- responsible for growth

Front 12

Movement-
Excitability-

Back 12

molecules move into & out of cells. cells move through the body.

Cells respond to change in its environment. (irritability)

Stimuli change in environment that influences cells.

Front 13

Growth
Reproduction-

Back 13

enlargement of a cell or whole body is growth.
humans reproduce by cellular reproduction & organism sexual reproduction.

Front 14

Difference between anabolism & growth:

Back 14

Anabolism builds larger molecules; the larger molecules allow growth & repairs cells.

Front 15

Anatomical position:
why is this used?

Back 15

body standing erect, facing the observer with arms at side & toes & palms turned forward.

provides consistent point of reference. Universally accepted position that allows "mapping" of the body.

Front 16

Superior
Inferior

Back 16

(Cranial) toward the head end or upper part of the body.
(caudal) away from the head end or towards the lower end.

Front 17

Anterior-
Posterior-

Back 17

(ventral) toward the front or belly side.
(dorsal) toward the back side.

Front 18

Medial-
Lateral-

Back 18

toward the mid line of the body.
away from the mid line of the body.

Front 19

Superficial-
Deep-

Back 19

(external) toward the surface of the body.
(internal) away from the surface of the body

Front 20

Proximal
Dorsal

Back 20

Toward a point of attachment.

away from point of attachment.

Front 21

frontal plane (coronal)

Back 21

Divides anterior from posterior.

Front 22

sagittal
midsagittal

Back 22

divides left from right.
divides left from right equally.

Front 23

Parasagittal (Transverse)

Back 23

desperate top half of body from the bottom half.

Front 24

cut scan
pet scan

Back 24

computed tomography, high energy beams

positron emission, metabolic activity, radioactive substance/ cocktail that releases charged particles.

Front 25

High Energy compounds:

Back 25

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
uses glucose to produce energy.

Front 26

positive feedback-
Negative feedback-

Back 26

1. change from the normal. (labor)
2. reverse a response back to normal. (scratch an itch)

Front 27

5 main regions:

Back 27

1. Trunk. 2. Neck. 3. upper appendages. 4. lower appendages. 5. head