The Great Lakes, Rocks,

Front 1

Surface area of lake superior in square miles

Back 1

31,700 Sq mi

Front 2

Percentage of fresh surface water in lake superior

Back 2

10%

Front 3

Miles of shoreline on lake superior

Back 3

1826

Front 4

Average temp of lake superior

Back 4

40 degrees

Front 5

Age of lake superior in years

Back 5

10,000 years

Front 6

# of streams and rivers flowing into lake superior

Back 6

300

Front 7

# Of watersheds draining into lake superior

Back 7

20

Front 8

Length of st. Louis river in miles

Back 8

179

Hint 8

Don't know

Front 9

Square miles drained by st. Louis river watershed

Back 9

3,634

Front 10

Number of industries along st. Louis river

Back 10

92

Front 11

# of people living along st. Louis river

Back 11

200,000

Front 12

# Of species of birds that use the st. Louis river

Back 12

230

Front 13

# species of fish in St. Louis river

Back 13

43

Front 14

Length of st. Louis river estuary

Back 14

21 miles

Front 15

#of acres covered by st. Louis river estuary

Back 15

12,000 acres

Front 16

What is the name of the largest river flowing into Lake Superior

Back 16

The Nipigon River

Front 17

What is the name of the largest u.s river flowing into lake superior?

Back 17

The st. Louis river

Front 18

What is a watershed

Back 18

Land of area that drains into a body of water

Front 19

What is a tributary

Back 19

Stream or river that flows into a larger stream or river or lake

Front 20

What are the three main rivers that make up the st. Louis River watershed

Back 20

St. Louis River Colquet River and Whiteface river

Front 21

What is an estuary

Back 21

Where to chemically different bodies of water mixed together in a shallow wetland area

Front 22

Name two types of estuaries

Back 22

Freshwater/saltwater freshwater/freshwater

Front 23

What is a seiche

Back 23

back and forth movement of water in an enclosed lake

Front 24

What is the st. Louis River estuary

Back 24

A wetland area where the st. Louis River meet up with Lake Superior

Front 25

Rock cycle

Back 25

Series of events on and beneath the earth's surface that slowly change rocks from one kind to another

Front 26

Lava

Back 26

Molten rock on the earth's surface

Front 27

Magma

Back 27

Molten rock in the earth's surface

Front 28

Weathering

Back 28

The chemical and physical processes of breaking down rock into sediment

Front 29

Erosion

Back 29

Wind water and ice move sediment

Front 30

Sediment

Back 30

Particles of rock that were worn away by weathering

Front 31

Deposited

Back 31

Sediment load down in layers

Front 32

Metamorphism

Back 32

The change of minerals in pre-existing rock when heat and/or pressure is applied

Front 33

Folliation

Back 33

Layers form as the rocks are squeezed, Changing it by extreme heat

Front 34

Contact metamorphism

Back 34

When magma contacts a rock and changes it with heat

Front 35

Regional metamorphism

Back 35

Great Masses of rock are exposed to pressure from rock and sediment layers on top of it

Front 36

Mineral

Back 36

A solid inorganic of a natural organism

Front 37

List the three main types of rocks

Back 37

Igneous

Sedimentary

Metamorphic

Front 38

How are igneous rocks formed

Back 38

From the cooling of molten rock

Front 39

Name two types of igneous rock and where they are formed

Back 39

Intrusive- in the earth

Extrusive - on the earth's surface

Front 40

Why are there differences in the crystal sizes between the two types of igneous rock

Back 40

Intrusive cools slower so it has big crystals (have time to grow)

Extrusive cools fast so has small crystals ( have little or no time to grow)

Front 41

What type of rock is granite

Back 41

Intrusive igneous

Front 42

Which type of rock makes up most of the earth's surface

Back 42

Basalt

Front 43

What are sedimentary rocks

Back 43

Rocks formed by the the deposition of small particles of other substances called sediment

Front 44

List the five steps in forming sedimentary rocks

Back 44

Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation

Front 45

What are the three types of sedimentary rock and what are each made up of

Back 45

Clastic - other pieces of rock

Organic - living organisms

Chemical -Minerals in water

Front 46

How are chemical rocks formed

Back 46

When the water evaporates the Minerals in the water create a new rock

Front 47

How and where are metamorphic rocks formed

Back 47

Rock that is formed by heating and/or applying pressure to already existing other kids of rocks

Front 48

Which type s of rocks can be changed into metamorphic rocks

Back 48

All

Front 49

What does the rock cycle show us

Back 49

Series of events on and beneath the earth's surface that change the rock

Front 50

Why does sandstone allow water to move through it easily

Back 50

They have air spaces allowing it to move through the rock

Front 51

List the three main processes that change the rock in the rock cycle

Back 51

Melting and cooling

Weathering and erosion

Heat and pressure

Front 52

How are igneous rocks classified

Back 52

By the crystal size and minerals

Front 53

Conduction

Back 53

Transfer of thermal energy by direct particle contact

Front 54

Lithosphere

Back 54

Solid, Uppermost part of mantle

Front 55

Asthenosphere

Back 55

Hot soft layer bottom part of mantle

Front 56

Convection

Back 56

Transfer of thermal energy through the up and down of moving fluids

Front 57

Inner core

Back 57

dense ball of solid metal

Front 58

Outer core

Back 58

Layer of molten metal surrounding the inner core

Front 59

Mantle

Back 59

Layer of hot rock under the crust of the earth

Front 60

Crust

Back 60

Layer of rock that forms earth's outer skin

Front 61

What are the two layers of the mantle

Back 61

Lithosphere

Asthenosphere

Front 62

What is the theory of continental drift? Who came up with the theory of continental drift?

Back 62

All the continents were once one big land mass called pangea

Alfred wegener

Front 63

Name the last super continent

Back 63

Pangea

Front 64

List three pieces of evidence that support continental drift

Back 64

Same Fossils found on different continents

Continents for together like puzzle pieces

Mountain ranges lined up on different continents

Front 65

Why was the Theory of continental drift not accepted by the science community?

Back 65

There was no evidence on how the continents moved

Front 66

What is sea-floor spreading?

Back 66

Earth's crust under the ocean is cracked and lava is pushing up through it onto the ocean floor

Front 67

What is created by sea floor spreading?

Back 67

Mid-ocean ridge

Front 68

Whare is the majority of the mid ocean ridge located

Back 68

Under the ocean

Front 69

Explain the process of subduction

Back 69

Oceanic crust collides with continental crust and is pushed back into the mantle

Front 70

How long does it take for new ocean crust to be pushed back down into the mantle

Back 70

200 million years

Front 71

Name two features that are created by a subduction zone

Back 71

Trenches and volcanos

Front 72

What is the name of the deepest trench in the ocean

Back 72

Marianas trench

Front 73

Explain how sea floor spreading and subduction are part off the same process

Back 73

Sea floor spreading is when new oceanic crust is being created and subduction is when it is being destroyed

Front 74

Name of the deepest spot in the ocean

Back 74

Challenger deep

Front 75

How much pressure is exerted by ocean water at the deepest point in the ocean?

Back 75

8 tons per square inch

Front 76

How many feet deep is the deepest point in the ocean

Back 76

36,000 feet

Front 77

What is the earth's crust divided into? how many major ones?

Back 77

Plates

15

Front 78

What is the theory of plate tectonics?

Back 78

That pieces of the earth's crustare in constant slow motion, driven by Convection currents in the mantle

Front 79

What is the difference between the theory of continental drift and the theory of plate tectonics

Back 79

The theory of continental drift has no explanation how the continents move the theory of plate tectonics does

Front 80

What is the driving force behind plate tectonics?

Back 80

Connection currents

Front 81

List three possible actions that can take place between moving plates

Back 81

Collide, pull a part, grind past each other

Front 82

Transform

Back 82

Slide past each other

Front 83

Divergent

Back 83

Pull a part

Front 84

Convergent

Back 84

Colliding in to each other

Front 85

Which type of Plate boundary has new crust being formed?

Back 85

Divergent

Front 86

When two plates collide what determines which plate is pushed back down in the mantle

Back 86

How dense it is

Front 87

Which plate is pushed back down into the mantle

Back 87

The more dense one