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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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State |
form of social and political organizationthat has a formal central government and adivision of society into classes |
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Wittfogel |
one cause of state formation isneed to regulate hydraulic (water-based)agricultural economies |
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Carneiro |
wherever and wheneverenvironmental circumscription (resourceconcentration), increasing population, andwarfare exist, state formation will begin |
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Multivariate theory |
involves multiplefactors, courses, or variables |
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empire |
a mature state that is large, multiethnic,militaristic, and expansive |
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Childe |
“Neolithic Revolution” |
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Jericho |
Earliest known town. First settled by Natufian foragers some11,000 years agO |
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Halafian |
pottery (7500–6500 B.P.) |
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Ubaid |
pottery (7000–6000 B.P.) |
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Egalitarian societies |
cultures with basicstatus distinctions, not usually inherited |
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Ranked societies |
individuals ranked bygenealogical distance from the chief |
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stratification |
social divisions or strata withunequal wealth and power |
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Chiefdoms |
relations among villages andindividuals are unequal |
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primarystates |
states that arose on their own, notthrough contact with other state societies |
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cuneiform |
wedge-shaped writing, using styleson clay |
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Metallurgy |
extraction and processing of metals to make tools |
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Smelting |
a high-temperature process by whichpure metal is produced from an ore |
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China |
Shang dynasty (3750 B.P.) |
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Peru |
Andes |
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Zapotec state |
first Mesoamerican state, in theValley of Oaxaca |
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Flannery, Marcus |
changing warfare patterns were seen in Oaxaca between 330 and 20 B.P. |
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Teotihuacán |
flourished between 1900 and1300 B.P. • Town of 10,000 people by 1 C.E. |
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Settlement hierarchy |
ranked series ofcommunities that differed in size, function, andbuilding types |
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mesopotamia |
area where earliest states developed between tigris and euphates rivers |
