The Emergence Of Atom

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the smallest particle of matter

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ATOM

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has mass and takes up space

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MATTER

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who was the first who proposed the idea of an atom who believed that all things are made up of tiny, invisible particles

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LEUCIPPUS

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Student of leucippus

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DEMOCRITUS

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Atom comes from the greek word of

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ATOMOS

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What is the meaning of the greek word of atom?

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INVISIBLE

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What do you call to the people who supported the idea of the atom?

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ATOMISTS/LEUCIPPUS GF STAN

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Leucippus and Democritus theory that atoms were indivisible was strongly opposed by

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ARISTOTLE

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what are the four elements that all matter consisted that Aristotle claimed

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EARTH, FIRE, WATER AND AIR

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Who said that all elements of matter are composed of extremely small particles called atoms?

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JOHN DALTON

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states that the different samples if the same compound always contains constituent elements in the same proportion by mass

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LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS

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If two elements can combine to form more than one compound, one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element is in ratios of the whole numbers

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LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS

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Involves only the seperation, combination, or rearrangement of atoms

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CHEMICAL REACTION

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States that matter can be neither created nor destroyed

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LAW OF CONSERVATIVE OF MASS

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the atom is made up of something like a positively charged pudding-like material in which negatively charged electrons were scattered like plums in the pudding

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THOMSON'S PLUM PUDDING MODEL OF THE ATOM

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Atom is mostly an empty space that has a dense positively charged center that repelled the positively charged alpha particleswhich he used "bullets" in the experiment. This center of the atom was given the name "nucleus" by Rutherford.

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RUTHERFORD MODEL OF THE ATOM

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in his model, he placed each electron on a specific energy level. This electron move in different orbits around the nucles.

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BOHR'S MODEL OF THE ATOM

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The theory of wave mechanics explains that the movement of electrons about an atom has no definite path.

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WAVE MODEL OF THE ATOM

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A- mass number (no. of protons and neutrons)

Z- atomic number (no. of protons)

X- element symbol

e- atomic change

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ISOTOPE NOTATION

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Found at the center of the atom

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NUCLEUS

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Electrically neutral they have no charge

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NEUTRON

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Positively charged sub particle found in the nucleus of the atom

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PROTON

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Negative charged particle

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ELECTRON

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number of proton is equal to the number of electrons

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ATOMIC NUMBER OF THE ATOM

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Atomic mass is equal to the total number of protons and neutrons

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eurt

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Formed by chemical bonds. Composed of two or more elements

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COMPOUND MOLECULES

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when molecules tend to share electrons to complete the required electrons. (Occurs in between non metals)

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COVALENT BOND

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Electrons are transferred (occurs in between a metal and non metal)

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IONIC BOND

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The extend of sharing of electrons between atoms in a molecule is dependent of the electronegativity or the ability of each atom to attract electrons toward it

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tama

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All atom has its own electronegativity value (Ev)

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sigi

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Electronegativity unit

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∆EN

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Based of Linus Pauling's scale, () is the most electronegative element

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FLOURINE

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Least electronegativity element

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CESIUM & FRANCIUM

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∆EN ≥ 2.0

(2.0- UP)

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IONIC BOND

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0.5 < ∆EN < 2.0

(0.6-1.9)

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POLAR COVALENT BOND

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0 ≥ ∆EN ≤ 0.5

(0-0.5)

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NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND