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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the mouth do?
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Adds saliva and breaks down food into small pieces
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What does the oesophagus do?
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Connnects the mouth and the stomach
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What does the liver do?
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Breaks down molecules and builds up larger molecules again. It makes bile
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What does the gall bladder do?
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Stores bile and releases it into the small intestine
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What does the small intestine do?
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Breaks down large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules.
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What does the stomach do?
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Adds protein digesting enzymes and churns up food with acid.
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What does the pancreas do??
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Makes digestive enzymes and releases them into the small intestine.
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What does the large intestine do?
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Undigested food passes and water diffuses into the blood leaving faeces behind.
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What does the rectum do?
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Stores waste
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What do carbohydrase enzymes do and what is an example of one?
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Amylase. Breaks down carbohydrases in the mouth
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What do protease enzymes do and what is an example of one?
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Break down protein molecules into shorter chains and amino acids. Pepsin is produced by the stomach and works best at pH2 and trypsin is produced by the pancreas and works best at pH8.
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How are fats digested?
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By bile and lipase. Bile breaks down fat into small molecules and neutralises stomach acid, it is made in the liver but stored in the gall bladder. Lipase breaks down small droplets of fat into glycerol and fatty acids n the small intestine.
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What is villi and what does it do?
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It allows efficient absorption of the soluble products of digestion in the small intestine as they make the surface area bigger which means much more diffusion can take place.
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What is the alimentary canal?
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The digestive system. A muscular tube running through the body from the mouth to the anus and containing several other organs that make chemicals needed for digestion.
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What does the muscular wall of the alimentary canal do?
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it contracts to squeeze food along the alimentary canal in peristalsis.
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What is peristalsis?
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The contraction of some muscles in the wall of the oesophagus and the relaxation of others which pushes food along the oesophagus to the anus.
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What are functional foods?
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Foods that claim to make you healthier when you eat them. There is little or no scientific evidence to prove this.
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What are probiotics?
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Foods that contain live bacteria that produce lactic acid in the gut. These are usually lactobacillus and bifidobacteria.
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What are prebiotics?
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These are substances that the body can't digest but the encourage growth of prebiotics and act as food for them. They contain high levels of oligosaccharides.
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What are plant stanol esters?
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Substances found in plants that stop the small intestine absorbing chlorestreol and therefore lowering the level of chlorestreol in the blood which reduces the risk of heart disease.
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