The Digestive System

Front 1

Digestive Processes

Back 1

ingestion, digestion, absorption,

Front 2

Ingestion

Back 2

Taking food into the body (eating)

Front 3

Mechanical Digestion

Back 3

various movement of the alimentary canal that aid in chemical digestion

Front 4

Chemical Digestion

Back 4

A series of catabolic reactions that break down large molecules

Front 5

Defecation

Back 5

Elimination of indigestible substances from the alimentary body

Front 6

Gastrointestinal Tract

Back 6

A continuous tube running through the ventral body cavity extending from the mouth to anus.

Front 7

Organs of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Back 7

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Front 8

Accessory Organs of the G.I. Tract

Back 8

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Front 9

Crown

Back 9

exposed portion of the tooth above gum line

Front 10

Dentin

Back 10

Calcified connective tissue that gives the tooth its basic shape & rigidity

Front 11

Pulp Cavity

Back 11

Large cavity enclosed by the dentin that is filled with pulp

Front 12

cementum

Back 12

a bone-like substance which helps anchor the root

Front 13

Roots

Back 13

one to three projections of the tooth that are embedded in the sockets of the alveolar structures

Front 14

Periodontal Ligament

Back 14

Dense fibrous connective tissue attached to the socket walls

Front 15

Incisors

Back 15

(8) 4 on top 4 on bottom

Front 16

Canines

Back 16

(4)- 2 ontop 2 on bottom

Front 17

Premolars

Back 17

(8) 4 on top 4 on bottom

Front 18

Molars

Back 18

(12)-6 ON TOP 6 ON BOTTOM

Front 19

Pharyngeal Stage

Back 19

Involuntary passage of the bolus through the pharynx

Front 20

Esophageal Stage

Back 20

Involuntary passage of the bolus through esophagus and into stomach

Front 21

Esophagus

Back 21

Muscular tube inferior to the trachea

Front 22

Esophageal Hiatus

Back 22

Opening in the diaphragm for the esophagus

Front 23

Cardia

Back 23

Area of the stomach that surrounds the lower esophageal sphincter

Front 24

Fund us

Back 24

Rounded superior portion of the stomach to the left of the cardia

Front 25

Alkaline

Back 25

Mixture of fluid and digestive enzymes from the acini cells

Front 26

Pancreas

Back 26

Oblong gland that lies posterior to the greater curvature of the stomach

Front 27

Cephalic Phase

Back 27

Reflexes initiated by sensory receptors in the head-sight, smell, taste, thought of food

Front 28

Gastric Phase

Back 28

Sensory receptors in the G.I. tract and stomach initiate nervous and hormonal chemical digestive processes

Front 29

Absorption in the stomach

Back 29

Water, weak glucose concentrations, electolytes, certain drugs

Front 30

Maceration

Back 30

Mixing of food and gastric juice

Front 31

Chyme

Back 31

Converted into a thin liquid call chyme

Front 32

Chief Cells

Back 32

Digestive enzymes

Pepsin-enzyme which digests proteins

Pepsinogen (activated by HCL)

Front 33

Parietal Cells

Back 33

HCL. Intrinsic factor(absorption of Vitamin B12

Front 34

Goblet Cells

Back 34

Secrete mucous to protect the stomach mucosa from the acidic environment

Front 35

Cells of Gastric Glands

Back 35

Chief cells

Parietal Cells

Goblet Cells

Front 36

Segmentation

Back 36

Localized contraction of muscles of the small intestine I'm areas with food

Front 37

Peristalsis

Back 37

Rhythmical contraction of muscles of the small int. That propels chyme through the intestinal tract

Front 38

Cecum

Back 38

Beginning of the large intestine

Hanging off is apendix

Front 39

Colon

Back 39

Large tube like portion of large intestine

-Ascending colon -Transverse colon -descending colon - sigmoid colon

Front 40

Rectum --> Anal Canal ----> Anus

Back 40

Pathway of waste

Front 41

Functions of Large Intestine

Back 41

Absorb water,electrolytes

Produces Vitamin K,

Formation/expulsion of feces

Front 42

Histology of Large intestine

Back 42

Lubricates the colonic contents as it passes through the large intestine

Front 43

Haustra

Back 43

Series of characteristic pouch like structures that run the entire length of colon

Front 44

Taenia Coli

Back 44

Bands of smooth muscle that are arranged longitudinally along the length of the colon

Front 45

Haustral Churning

Back 45

The relaxation and contraction of the individual segments of the colon

Front 46

Peristalsis

Back 46

Rhymitcal contraction of the colon that moves the content along through the length of the colon

Front 47

Mass Persitalsis

Back 47

A strong peristaltic wave that begins about the middle of the transverse colon and drives the colonic contents into the rectum