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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What was the era of the The Classic Network System?
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1960 till 1980
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from when hippies until they become yuppies
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What was the The Classic Network System?
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A Highly centralized network control over all the phases of the industry
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What elements of the industry did the The Classic Network System control?
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P
D A Production, Distribution and Exhibition |
Please none of that in the hallways
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How was production control managed?
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Multiple sponsors, less influence over content
Networks owned completely or mostly: prime-time, day-time and syndication rights. |
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How was advertising revenue important to the Networks?
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1965: Networks had 91% share of prime-time programs, receiving almost a full share of ad revenue
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What were the effects of the Networks Distribution Control
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Networks and affiliates relationship tightened
Network feed took over most stations Syndication brought in residuals. Pure profit from shows that already recouped their cost first-run |
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What were the effects of the Networks Exhibition Control?
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Networks expanded their station ownership, creating more affiliates
Bought stations in major metro areas Limited affiliates’ abilities to purchase off-network programming once the Network owned the stations |
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What were the effects of the Networks Network dominance?
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Took ownership/control of programming away from hundreds of sponsors
Condensed buying between three major networks. Less competition = less money for program producers By 1960, Networks could demand prices lower than what it cost to produce programs. |
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How was the Network dominance divided over the air?
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VHF band filled to capacity with Network affiliates
UHF band mostly vacant Nationwide affiliates split between majors: NBC: 31.8% CBS: 28.5% ABC: 23.6% By 1975, percentages evened out |
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How did Network Dominance change in the 70s?
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total % of network owned affiliates dropped, from 96% in 1960 to 87% in 1975
However Advertising revenues doubled during this same time period |
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What happened in the 70s that decreased the % of network owned affiliates?
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rising independent and public broadcasting stations
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What was happening in Programming?
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Networks began counter-programming
Programming became streamlined Diversity limited or eliminated Fewer choices, much of the same Homogeneity & standardization was key |
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How were Program Producers suffering during this time?
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Tight control over programming hours brought both competition & stifled it.
Size & profitability of market made production enticing for advertisers, but created an excess in programs created. Once turned down by networks, few places to go to sell the program Only option was struggling local syndication markets, but they were becoming less & less |
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How were programs
changing during this time, more often for the worse? |
Because few open Network spots, & national audience at play, less room to be creative, innovative, & challenging
Led to even more formulaic programs Profit margin limited or nonexistent for smaller producers because of vertical integration Major studios found themselves with little to no control and costs beyond their means, especially for programs in color. Would lead to eventual industry regulation |
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How did Network Dominance change in the 70s?
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total % of network owned affiliates dropped, from 96% in 1960 to 87% in 1975
However Advertising revenues doubled during this same time period |
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What happened in the 70s that decreased the % of network owned affiliates?
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rising independent and public broadcasting stations
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What was happening in Programming?
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Networks began counter-programming
Programming became streamlined Diversity limited or eliminated Fewer choices, much of the same Homogeneity & standardization was key |
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How were Program Producers suffering during this time?
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Tight control over programming hours brought both competition & stifled it.
Size & profitability of market made production enticing for advertisers, but created an excess in programs created. Once turned down by networks, few places to go to sell the program Only option was struggling local syndication markets, but they were becoming less & less |
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How were programs
changing during this time, more often for the worse? |
Because few open Network spots, & national audience at play, less room to be creative, innovative, & challenging
Led to even more formulaic programs Profit margin limited or nonexistent for smaller producers because of vertical integration Major studios found themselves with little to no control and costs beyond their means, especially for programs in color. Would lead to eventual industry regulation |
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What was done about the 3 Majors Vertical Integration?
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3 majors complete control of production, distribution, exhibition.
FCC first attempt cut vertical integration 1965 with "50-50 rule" No more than 50% of prime-time, non-news programming. No actual influence, Networks scoffed. |
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Ownership Regulation? What was the fin/syn rule?
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Financial Interest & Syndication Rule (fin/syn) passed in 1970
Aimed to take out financial interest in syndication Relaxed multiple times in 1980s and 90s, eventually eradicated in 1995 |
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Ownership regulation:
what was the PTAR rule? |
Primetime Access Rule (PTAR) passed in 1970
Opened up one hour of programming during prime-time for affiliate control Rational was affiliates couldn’t make a profit from local ads alone, would allow additional revenues Modified over the years, but essentially the same |
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Describe the origins and give examples of the Sitcom
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Developed in 50s, hit high point in 60s
35 prime-time sitcoms on air in 1965 The Rural-themed: “hillbilly hurricane” The Andy Griffith Show, The Beverly Hillbillies, Petticoat Junction, Green Acres, Gomer Pyle, & The Farmer’s Daughter The Unworldly: I Dream of Jeannie, Bewitch, My Favorite Martian, The Munsters, The Flintstones, The Addams Family, & My Mother the Car |
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What other types of Sitcoms existed?
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Military themed, the “workplace family”:
McHale’s Navy, Mr. Roberts, Hogan’s Heroes, Gomer Pyle U.S.M.C. Female central: The Patty Duke Show, Gidget, & Tammy Domestic, nuclear family: The Lucy Show, Ozzie and Harriet, The Donna Reed Show, Please Don’t Eat the Daisies, & The Dick Van Dyke Show Other successes: Get Smart, The Smothers Brothers Show, & Gilligan’s Island |
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What were the separate personalities of the Networks?
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ABC: "we try harder" youth-orientated programming, Mod Squade, Rookies, Brady Bunch
CBS hillbilly comedies, but sought to change image to urban youth orientated, socially relevant. The Jeffersons, M*A*S*H. Fred Silverman brought the to the Top NBC: middle quality diversity, ratings. I Spy (Bill Cosby's first show) Stanford and Son |
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